Antonio Da Correggio A Renaissance Artist Essay - 812 Words

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Renaissance art was perceived as a rebirth of ancient traditions, transforming the tradition by the absorption of recent developments in the art of Northern Europe by application of contemporary scientific knowledge. Many famous artists would emerge around this time, including Michelangelo Buonarroti, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Raphael de Sanzio. The Renaissance provided and environment for many artists to thrive and succeed. In addition to some artists gaining popularity, others who werent as well-known still had flourishing careers; one of which was†¦show more content†¦Correggios intent was for the audience to feel the emotion displayed in the painting. He wishes for the audience to feel what the people are. The painting shows others shocked by what had happened, depicting feelings of a gony of grief. The intensity of the painting illustrates the speechlessness of the people as they realize that their savior, the one who has come down from the heavens to save them is now dead. The principles of design that are incorporated in this piece include contrast, emphasis, movement, variety, and unity. The artist utilizes contrast to differentiate each person illustrated in the painting. He wants to differentiate the plethora of emotions and actions displayed in the painting. Correggios use of emphasis is seen through Jesus in the center of the painting. Since he is the center of the painting, it is also no surprise that he is the topic of it as well. He uses this technique to implement who the main character is. Antonio uses movement it convey the madness that occurred. Everyone is doing their own thing, pacing around on their own free will. His application of this is primarily seen through the man walking down the ladder. Variety is shown through the assortment of emot ions and actions exhibited throughout the artwork. Finally, the characters as a whole create a uniform image, shown through his usage of unity. Each person in the painting contributes their own individual emotion,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Renaissance Art1826 Words   |  8 PagesThe Renaissance was a period of European history that began in 14th-century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period, the feudal society of the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century) was transformed into a society dominated by central political institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and patronage of education, the arts, and music. The term renaissance, literally meaning rebirth, was first employed in 1855 by French historian Jules MicheletRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci s Portrait Of Cecilia Gallerani Essay2022 Words   |  9 PagesLeonardo’s sexuality was always an unclear construct. Regardless of whom he preferred romantically, many of his port raits are absolutely filled with sensuality. There is something so obvious, so crude, about Leonardo da Vinci s portrait of Cecilia Gallerani that it might seem beneath discussion. The 16-year-old mistress of the ruler of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, is stroking an ermine. The creature is white, furry and bony. Scholars have written reams about this ermine s significance as an allegory

The French Health Care System - 1548 Words

ï ¿ ¼! The French health care system was once a redundant, poor system that was less than satisfactory in providing care to its patients. Now, though, it is among the best in the world - and other countries have taken note. Canada, specifically as a post-industrial nation, has a poor health care system when compared to its European counterparts. Thus, Canada’s overall health would be better if we were to shift to French-style practices in the health section of the welfare state.! ! ! Its important to understand the context in which we are comparing countries. France and Canada share a number of similarities in socio-economic function, however, significant differences in population density, wealth and geographical influences are present. Canada has much colder weather on average than either of the other two countries, and is also arguably the most affluent. Canada had the highest income per capita in USD based on average exchange rate in 2013. These differences present some challenges to our comparison, however, for convenience, most of the data will be represented in a percentage or per-capita rate. The Canadian medical system has remained much the same over the past few decades. The current system, a Single Payer system, uses a straightforward way of billing. The government pays the physicians directly for the work they do, without the patient seeing the costs (Deber). There have been a number of issues associated with the use of this type of system, including the issue ofShow MoreRelatedThe French Health Care System2758 Words   |  11 Pagesage, which is 66%, French slightly lower (64%). However, the number is still better than most of the OECD countries such as the USA (OECD, 2013). In terms of health, life expectancy at birth in France is 82 years, which is higher than the OECD average (80 years). Specifically, life expectancy for females is 86 years while the figure for males is 79 (OECD, 2013). In 2000, the World Health Organisation (WHO) generated the annual report of which the theme was the health care system performance all overRead MoreWorld Health Organization Of The United States1197 Words   |  5 PagesWORLD HEALTH REPORT The World Health Organization carried out the first ever analysis of the world s health systems in June 2000. Using five performance indicators to measure health systems, it found that France provides the best overall health care, among the 191 member states surveyed followed amongst major countries Italy, Spain, Oman, Austria and Japan. Furthermore, the report found the U.S. health system ranked 37 out of 191 countries according to its performance. A number of factors explainRead MoreThe High Quality Of Health Care1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe average quality of health care in the U.S. is significantly more inaccessible than in other developed countries. The U.S. in aggregate spends significantly more on its healthcare industry, relative to other developed nations, and yet not all Americans have access to adequate health care services. In the present essay I compare the healthcare system in France with the U.S. system in regard to the Triple Aim framework (improving quality of care , improving the health of populations, and reducingRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of the Health Care System in France vs. the United States1318 Words   |  6 PagesA Comparative Analysis of the Health Care System in France vs the United States Introduction Everyone would agree that a good health system, above all, must contribute to good health. It is certainly not considered acceptable to protect or improve the average health of the population, if at the same time inequality worsens or remains high because the gain accrues disproportionately to those already enjoying better health. The responsibility of a health care system is also to reduce inequalitiesRead MoreBritish and French Health Care Essay example1507 Words   |  7 Pagesout the world today health care is a major issue in just about every country. Britain and France are no exception to this rule. Since a very long time ago there have been long standing battles between the people and governments as to how far the governments must go to provide adequate health care for its people. For the upper and middle classes health care usually comes with no problem but for the lower classes they are forced to depend on government assistance. In France health policy making takesRead MoreEssay on british and french health care1480 Words   |  6 Pagestoday health care is a major issue in just about every country. Britain and France are no exception to this rule. Since a very long time ago there have been long standing battles between the people and governments as to how far the governments must go to provide adequate health care for its people. For the upper and middle classes health care usually comes with no problem but for the lower classes they are forced to depend on government assistance. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In France health policyRead MoreSicko: Health Insurance1226 Words   |  5 Pagesanother health care system for the US? Sources : The movie ‘Sicko’ Outline Introduction What is the movie about? 1st body paragraph Topic sentence: What is wrong about the American health care system? Support: 2nd body paragraph Topic sentence: What are the possibilities to change it? Support : 3rd body paragraph Topic sentence: And if they are going to change it, which healthcare system would they take as an example? Conclusion: The health care system in theRead MoreHealth Care System in France 1715 Words   |  7 Pagesthe health care system throughout the world, while the United States of America (U.S) is ranked 37th (Sharipo, 2008). U.S currently spends around 8,233 dollars per person on health care (Kane, 2012). France spends on average 3300 dollars per person on health care (Sharipo, 2008). Nevertheless, the U.S still spends 17.6 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) goes to the health care system, while France spends 11.4 percent (Kane, 2012). If U.S spends 17.6 percent of the GDP on the health careRead MoreThe Healthcare System Between France And U.s Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pages The Healthcare System Between France and U.S.A: A Comparative Approach for a Better understanding Rida Khlifa University of Central Florida Author Note This paper was prepared for Health Care USA 3111 taught by Professor Yara Asi Abstract This Paper approaches aspects of the US healthcare system in a comparative analysis with the French one. The comparison and contrast analysis touches base with the basic health outcomes and their statistics, including measures suchRead MoreSimilarities Between France and Canada’s Health Care System846 Words   |  3 PagesMany would agree that a worthy, controlled health system, above all, should essentially contribute to good health. The responsibility of a health care system is that the organization of people, institutions, and resources deliver the health care services required and meet the health needs of focus populations. Another duty that the health care systems stimulate is the reduction of inequality to race, gender, social status and religion. Each health care system is different when looking at specific countries

“The Importance of Bees” Free Essays

Barnett, Misty Carl W Simpson COM 100- section 107 4 November 2010 â€Å"The Importance of Bees† General Purpose: to inform Specific Purpose: to inform my audience of the importance of bees, and the recent decline in their numbers due to the colony collapse disorder. Central Idea:I hope my audience walks away with the knowledge that we are dependent on bees for a variety of things, and of their unexplained deterioration in numbers. Introduction I’m sure everyone in this room enjoys eating. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Importance of Bees† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maybe you like eating foods like kiwi, oranges, apples, blueberries, carrots, cherries, broccoli, onions, brazil-nut, watermelon, cantaloupe, squash, pumpkin, zucchini, macadamia, passion fruit, vanilla, or honey? Did you know that all of these foods are reliant on pollination from bees to produce more food? Since the 1980’s habitat destruction of pollinating insects has made these crops reliant on honey farms to bring in bees to pollinate their crops, but since 2007 we have had some of the largest decline in bee numbers on record.As I have mentioned in my first speech, I have my own bee hive. This is my second year with my hive, it’s doing pretty good, and this last year I was able to collect 6 gallons of honey. I have worked around bees since I was knee high to a grass hopper, and bee keeping is a hobby I hope to always able to have. I have several friends that also have hives, and we get together to socialize and help each other work with our bees. The small group of friends I have has even seen a decline in bee population.Last year my friend Johnse lost four of his five hives, and Tom lost all 5 of the hives he had. Body I) The colony collapse disorder, and its affects. A) Drs. Buchmann and Nabhan stated that bees pollinate about 75% of the world’s crop plants. B) Large losses for US. a) It was reported in 2007 to have killed 32 percent of America’s honeybees. And in 2008 another 36 percent—more than a million hives— were reported dead. C) Not just the US affected. ) According to Bernard Vaissiere, a pollination specialist with the French National Institute for Agricultural Research, â€Å"the situation for bees in Europe is no better than for bees in North America. † D) The presents of losses in different countries. c) A report by the European food Safety Authority estimates that the UK lost 30% of its honeybees in 2007, while Italy lost 40 to 50 percent. II) Theories about causes of the CCD. E) Cell phones not the culprit. F) Genetically modified crops not the culprit.G) Pesticides, viruses, fungi, and poor colony nutrition are the new theories. d) Dewey Caron, a University of Delaware entomologist who co-authored a recent report on CCD’s toll, â€Å"I’d bet it’s a virus that’s fairly new or one that’s mutated to become more virulent. † e) Entomologist, Lynn Royce, says â€Å"I think we brought this on ourselves. † III) Congresses gets involved. H) Congress has earmarked a few million dollars for research to get to the heart of the problem, but the money has yet to start trickling out, and results are years away.The bees might be able to wait that long, but we can’t. Conclusion So in conclusion I hope you are can now walk out of this room with a little more understanding about the important of bees, and are now more aware of how their numbers are drastically declining.Works Cited Stipp, David. Flight of the honeybee. 156th ed. New York: time inc. , 1992. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. Jesiolowski, Jill. Get bugs to boost your yields. Vol. 43. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. Curmmins, Coroline. Silent Spring. Vol. 17. N. p. : The Environmental Magazine, 2006. Web. 13 Nov. 2010 How to cite â€Å"The Importance of Bees†, Papers

Engaging in Critical Evaluation for Knowledge- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEngaging in Critical Evaluationfor Knowledge Areas. Answer: Introduction The essay will be discussing the project management that helps in managing various activities related to the utilization of resources. In this context, I will be discussing the scope that will help the project management to get improved and my learning from the assignment. I have learned the various areas where the businesses are lagged behind and the areas that need immediate attention to be changed. The characteristics of the project are identified that helps in taking important decisions regarding the project (Kerzner, 2013). It also helps in reducing the confusions in managing the project. The structure, coordination, and implementation of the activities of a project help in improving the competitive advantage of the organization. Discussions of Situations In this context, several situations and knowledge areas along with the experiences I have gained while doing this project are discussed. Knowledge Area 1: Resource Required The resources are the important and inevitable part of a project management. Both the human and equipment resources are equally important in the completion of a project. I have learned that for utilizing the employee resources, the organization has to make a vivid planning of the employees. It consists of their qualification, specialization, skills, expertise and talents those will be suited for the project requirement. The effective knowledge and management of the employees should be done efficiently that helps in equipping the technologies with the organizational infrastructure (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). I have learned that the project managers handling the human resources are responsible for making the best use of the knowledge and skills of the human power. I have learned that to make the employees effective and specialized in their work, and training has to be given. I have learned that the project manager needs to hire effective employees for the project. It not only facilitates completion of a project but also maintains the quality of the project. I have also learned that coordination and cooperation are important factors that the employees need to have within the completion of a project. I have even learned that while completing a project, the project manager is responsible for arranging the several training programs and organize workshops as per the necessity of the employees. Moreover, the estimation of the expenditure of the resources is also furnished in documenting the budget related to project management (Mller, 2014). I learned to be systematic and methodical in my work from the project manager. The project manager had made a list of stakeholders and jotted down the interests in their projects along with their respective responsibilities. Knowledge Area 2: Preparation of Communication Plan The communication plan is important in managing the project. I have learned that two-way communication is important in the organization as it facilitates discussion of the ideas and thoughts among the project manager and the respective team mates. Through communication, the hierarchy among the employees is maintained and respected. The several problems that may arise during the planning to execution of the project are discussed through communication (Phillips, 2013). I have learned that through communication, the chances of miscommunication and misunderstanding get reduced extensively. Moreover, I have also learned the ways of handling employees and teammates through communication. The problems and hindrances faced by the employees are reduced on discussing those with the project manager. It, therefore, facilitates providing solutions to the problem that makes the operation of the ongoing project smooth and less problematic. Even more, I have also learned that the communication plan is important to document. It helps in keeping a record of the probable problems those are likely to be faced in the project along with the solutions to it. Along with this, through communication, the demands, requirements, and requests of the stakeholders are recorded. I became aquatinted with the fact of involving stakeholders and teammates in every step and activity of the project. The individual activity and responsibilities of the teammates are equally distributed through communication (Schwalbe, 2015). I have learned that through the distribution of the work as per the expertise and skills of the employees helps in satisfying them extensively. It, therefore, helps in retaining the confidence and reliability of the employees on the project manager. Knowledge Area 3: Providing Training to Employees The training of the employees is important as it helps the team members in effective handling of the technology and equipment (Too and Weaver, 2014). I have learned that the training of the employees is an important part of an organizational operation as it helps in completion of the project within provided time and resources. Through the effective usage of the resources, the project gets accomplished within the provided budget. It also enhances the effectiveness of the employees, which facilitates their improvement in work. The skills and expertise are used efficiently by the project manager for successful completion of the project. Moreover, I have also learned that through training, the skills and expertise of the employees are improved and make them competitive and also elevates their confidence. Along with this, I have also leaned that with training, the responsibilities provided to the employees are accomplished well by the teammates, leading to the success of the project. I ha ve also learned that training helps the employees in making the best utilization of the resources, which also helps in maintaining the budget of the project. The training of the employees also levitates their motivation level in accomplishing the provided responsibilities (Turner, 2014). Conclusion The overall assignment helped me in understanding the overall operation of the project manager in managing a project successfully. I have learned to become more patient and strong-headed while managing the teammates and the project assigned to me. Even more, I also learned to become communicative and unbiased in my decisions, which will help my teammates to have trust and belief on me. It also helped me understand the importance of both teammates and external stakeholders and their role in the completion of a project. Moreover, I have also learned to take responsibilities and also have learned to distribute responsibilities among the teammates as per their expertise and skills. References Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Mller, R., 2014. Ethics and Governance in the Temporary Organization.Advancing Human Resource Project Management, pp.489-512. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Turner, J.R., 2014.The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill.

Personal Values for the Bsn Student free essay sample

Discuss how you demonstrate this value. Altruism: â€Å"Devotion to the welfare of others, regard for others, as a principle of action; opposed to egoism or selfishness† (Britannica Online, 2008). Altruism is taking care of others regardless of your personal feelings. Nurses demonstrate altruism in many ways. They are devoted to their patients while working in any healthcare setting, they take action when a patient needs them to, they work with patients regardless of personal feelings in situations of race, culture, or ethnicity. Personally, I demonstrate the value of altruism in many ways. Currently I work in education and not on the floor. I believe that in my position I am providing hospital staff very important information so that they are able to give the best possible care to patients on the floor. Autonomy: Autonomy is a person’s ability to decide to act on or control their own actions when faced with different situations. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Values for the Bsn Student or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Oxford dictionary defines it as: â€Å"Liberty to follow ones will, personal freedom† (Oxford English Dictionary Online, 2008). Nurses demonstrate autonomy by making sure that their actions are appropriate to their ability. Effective nurses recognize their personal limits and strengths. The nursing process is an important aspect of this recognition. Autonomy is demonstrated in the ability I have to control my actions. Situations have arisen where I do not agree with a choice my patient has made. My first instinct would be to react one way but I have been able to realize that this is not the best way to handle the situation. Human Dignity: The term dignity is defined as the state of being worthy of honor or respect (The Oxford English Dictionary Online, 2008). Human dignity is a concept that â€Å"all human being possess inherent worth and deserve unconditional respect, regardless of age, sex, health status, social or political ideas, religion, or criminal history. † (Wikipedia, 2008). Nurses demonstrate human dignity in many ways. On a daily basis, nurses are caring for patients who have health problems requiring care that may intrude on their personal space and comfort levels. A nurse will respect a patient’s dignity by trying to cover or drape the patient during invasive procedures, they realize that certain things happen with age, and nurses respect a patient’s religious or political ideas. Human dignity is something that I believe I achieve as a nurse. Because I do not work on the floor I achieve this in different ways. I try to educate the nurses in my classes about the different tools available in the software program and how this can help to improve patient safety. I show them the tools they can use to document religious preferences so that other staff members are able to respect the patient. I try to understand â€Å"how they practice with respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of all individuals† (Kalb O’Connor-Von, 2007 p. 196), and how this correlates with an EMR. Integrity: â€Å"Soundness of moral principle; the character of uncorrupted virtue, esp. in relation to truth and fair dealing; uprightness, honesty, sincerity† (Wikipedia, 2008). Integrity is a principle that drives a person to do what they feel to be â€Å"right†. Nurses are able to work with a high level of integrity. As nurses, exposure to medical records happens on a daily basis. Nurses show their morals by only using these records to perform their job effectively. Laws like HIPPA exist to help prevent behavior like this from happening. My belief is the vast majority of nurse’s would not â€Å"snoop† without HIPPA. Integrity is something that I take very seriously. In my position I have access to medical records all across a hospital facility. I could very easily access someone’s chart just to see what is happening, or I could look something up with a malicious intent. I believe that my integrity stops me from doing any of these inappropriate behaviors. Social Justice: Social Justice is generally thought of as a world which affords individuals and groups fair treatment and an impartial share of the benefits of society† (Wikipedia, 2008). Social justice is a principal that people govern themselves by both politically and personally. Social justice is very similar to many of the other values that have been discussed. Nurses are socially just in their ability to provide the same level of care to patient’s regardless of personal beliefs. Nurses also are socially just with co-workers everyday in the ability to work as a collaborative team. Social justice is a very easy value to live by. I believe that I train my classes fairly every day. I am training all staff at the hospital and I understand that not everyone has the same knowledge that another person has. Being mindful of these differences allows me to teach the appropriate topics to the appropriate people. I would not teach a CNA how to document on a MAR since this is a duty that is not in their scope of practice.

Foursquare ads Essay

Foursquare ads Essay Foursquare ads Essay Forsquare self-service add platform became available for all small businesses. Beta testing started in July which involved a particular group of participants, was successfully finished and now it is open to 1,5 million business registered. Forsquare Ads is a new service that gives merchants an opportunity to create an ad and track the user activity connected to this ad (number of clicks and visits to the merchant's location). Forsquare seems to be very excited about new product and the idea that the actual user activity could be measured, the company wrote in a blog post: "We're moving past the days when business owners have to figure out if a "like" or a "click" has any meaning in the real world; now they can tell if someone who saw their ad actually walks into their store." However the appearance of advertising in Forsquare was predictable, because of company's financial situation. $112.4 million has been received by Forsquare from investors. The reported revenue for the last year is just $2 million. The main objective for creators of social media is making money from the site, app, blog, etc. Monetization of a product could be done in different ways, but always should be well planned to be effective, any mistakes could lead into decrease in user's attraction to the product and even in lost of existing and potential users. In case of Foursquare there recenly was a persistent belief, that the company just does not know how to make money. Foursquare took $41 million in debt earlier this year. Taking into account that the company reported revenue was just $2 million last year, the future didnt seem to be very promising. The only way for the company to stay afloat was to find out a new way of generating a revenue. I guess the new advertising method announced by Forsquare is a great start and potentially a chance to be independent. With the launching of new service, Foursquare is going make between $10 million and $15 million this year, according to Business Insider businessinsider.com/foursquare-pulling-in-1-million-ad-deals-2013-8 The new self service ad solution was created in a very smart and convenient way. First of all it is easy to use by merchants. There is no requirement for technical integration or negotiation with sales representatives. Everything is simple and could be done in just 1 click. The amount of payment is small and could be paid by credit card. Second, it gives a lot of information to merchants, now they can pay not for advertising by itself, but for user activity (only when user clicks on ads or redeems the offer), tracking the effectiveness of a particular promotion. Moreover, now merchants dont have to find the potential customers, foursquare does it for them. The company claims that it has enough data about users activity to understand which places to offer and whom to offer. "I think we have a really good idea of who the best customers are for businesses because we're in the business of making recommendations," Noah Weiss, Foursquare's director of product, told CNET. ( http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57607309-93/hungry-for-money-foursquare-dishes-out-self-serve-ad-tool ) Now the idea of foursquare ads is to give a right recommendation to right people. That means, that as a foursquare user you will see the promotions from local places that supposed to be interesting for you. Sounds interesting as far as foursquare could really determine the relevant offer. Taking into account that it was a decrease in foursquare popularity in recent time, many foursquare users stopped to check-in in every place they visit, some of them check-in only in new places in order to save them in the activity list. That means the data is not so accurate as it supposed to be. So there is a

Theme and narrative elements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theme and narrative elements - Essay Example As both are sitting in a bar at a train station, it becomes clear they are waiting for a train to come. The train is heading to Madrid where the woman will have an operation she dreads. At the end, it is unclear whether Jig has made up her mind to kill the fetus or not. Yet, it is obvious that the relationship between the two has grown very distant. As the story opens, one is immediately introduced to the story’s setting which helps to grasp the theme of the story. To illustrate, â€Å"The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. Close against the side of the station there was a warm shadow of the building, and a curtain made strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open door into the bars, to keep out flies. The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went to Madrid.† (Hemingway, p. 211) This paragraph tells us that the man and his partner are in a place where it is â€Å"very hot†, a place without trees and even without any shade. Even the flies must be kept out of the room. The described setting evokes feelings of decay and a meaning of bareness. If to combine these images with the conversation that follows, one may successfully find some clues as to the relationship between the man and the woman.... There is no hope for this relationship to flourish, it is doomed to decay and decomposition. Even if the woman eventually agrees to make an abortion, their relationship will hardly be the same as it was before the problem arose. Bearing in mind the overall theme of the story, one may find a symbol here as well, which may be interpreted as a possible story ending. Namely, barren hills may symbolize the fate of a bay that will never be born. No life, no children’s laughter, no flourishing. In terms of the story’s symbolism, one more profound symbol should be mentioned. This is the symbolical meaning of the hills and â€Å"the big white elephant†. Hills may symbolize the breasts of a woman who is pregnant. They are swollen and thus remind hills. At the same time, the big white elephant may be a symbol of an abdomen inside of which there is a fetus. In Buddhism, a white elephant came to Buddha’s mother in her dream and gave her a lotus flower that actually sym bolized her pregnancy (Weeks, 1980, p.75). Having provided the examples of symbolism and setting in this story, let us explain how they affect the narrative theme. First of all, these symbols help to predict the story’s major implications. The woman is pregnant – this is conveyed with the help of hills-and-elephant symbol. Next, the relationship is decomposing – this can be inferred from the barren setting. The child will probably be killed in the womb – this can be inferred again from the unpromising setting in the opening paragraph. All in all, symbolism and setting have played the key role in interpreting the story’s meanings. References 1. Hemigway, E. (1998) The complete short stories of Ernest Hemingway.

Is Water desalination a viable option to meet global water demands Term Paper

Is Water desalination a viable option to meet global water demands - Term Paper Example Water scarcity has forced the scientific community to look for alternative water resources and one of the most popular options is using the water of the oceans that is vastly available. Desalinating the ocean water and making it fit for human consumptions is one of the most important solutions to the water issues that man faces today. the most remarkably true phenomena is that out of the 2.5% of the fresh water that is available moat of it is trapped in the polar ice caps while only less than 1% of this freshwater is found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs and sub-surface aquifers and is thus available for direct human use. The United Nations estimated that 1.4 billion cubic kilometers of water is present on the Earth and only 200,000 cubic kilometers of this represents fresh water. At the continental level America shares world’s total freshwater resources (45%).Surface water present is highly polluted while indiscriminate withdrawal of groundwater for agriculture and contamination of the water have depleted these resources and hence there is need for some technology to help with the water scarcity issues. Owing to the decreasing groundwater resources and water scarcity problems and the subsequent effect this might have on world food production there have been dramatic changes in the world’s resource management approaches (Gleick, p127). Desalination activities are being done in the Arabian Gulf areas today but increasing number of countries are considering the pros and cons of adopting desalination technologies to meet the demands of the population. Desalination of water means using ocean or brackish water and removing salts and other minerals from the salty water to produce clean, drinking or potable water that is fit for human consumption and usage. Primarily Desalination is done by two different methods-thermal and membrane process. Desalination facilities use one of the five basic technologies to â€Å"extract potable

Business environment report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business environment report - Essay Example 331). In evaluating the performance of a company, we analyze the economic and financial consequences of the decisions made by the management as applied in the organizational activities of the company (Clipici & Gadoiu 2009, p. 331). As such, organizations value evaluations since they manifest the extent to which systems, people, and company activities relate to the principles of business excellence. This paper evaluates the performance of Vodafone from an inter-disciplinary perspective. To achieve this, the paper will use the above named measures to evaluate the performance of Vodafone. However, the paper will not address employee satisfaction in the evaluation since data on employee satisfaction is not available. The evaluation of the company’s performance derives a clear understanding of the present business position and its overall performance. This assessment equally creates a general market perception, derives the value of the company, and helps the management to make fut ure business decisions. Increasing revenues and profits are good measures of the company’s performance although evaluation also involves variance analysis, key performance indicators, customer satisfaction measurement, and employee satisfaction (Hill, 2013, p.1). It also involves the calculation of financial ratios like ROE, IRR, and CFROI (Hagel, Brown & Davison, 2010, p. 1) community development, sustainability, and comparing the company with entire industry. Development Vodafone Group Plc. (Vodafone) is a mobile communications company that offers a range of communications services in over 30 countries and over 40 partner markets across the globe. Its headquarters are in Newbury, United Kingdom, its business operations include voice, messaging, data and fixed-line solutions, and all devices related to satisfying communications needs (Vodafone, 2013, p. 1). Ethical Behavior and Code of Conduct Vodafone Company has a code of conduct that sets out the business principles of th e company, which consequently define how every person at the company should behave. Indeed, the company is committed to a strong ethical conduct where the code of conduct mandates all employees to uphold high ethical standards. This complies with Section 406 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules issued by the US Securities and Exchange Commission. This mandates all registered companies to adopt a written code of ethics applicable to all stakeholders of a reference company (U.S Securities And Exchange Commission, 2003, p. 1). Vodafone Group Plc. strictly abides with these provisions and do not intend to waive the requirements of this code of conduct to any employee (Vodafone, 2010, p 1-6). As a result, all employees of Vodafone Company seek to promote honesty and ethical conduct in the articulation of their duties. Moreover, the company promotes complete, accurate, true, and timely disclosure of the Company's financial results to all stakeholders as required by the law. The company promotes compliance to relevant laws, rules, and regulations as well as condemning illegalities. More so, the company abhors high standards of business ethics and prevents its employees from seeking competitive advantage through unlawful or unethical business practices (Vodafone, 2010,

Factors Affecting The Reliability Of Audit Report Accounting Essay

Factors Affecting The Reliability Of Audit Report Accounting Essay Introduction The end of an independent audit closed with a written audit report. According to section 205 of the Companies Act 2001, the auditors shall make a report to the shareholders on the audited financial statement (FS). The objective of an audit is to render an opinion about the fairness of the clients financial statement. Audit report contains information value for users. Durendez Gà ³mez-Guillamà ³n (2003) states that audit report is found as an important element for making loan decision. Basically the audit report conveys whether the assertions made by management are credible or not. Types of audit report. Unmodified report According to ISA 700, an unmodified report should be issued when the auditors conclude that the FS are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. Modified report. However if the auditors found that the FS are not free from material misstatement based on the evidence obtained or is unable to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence to make a conclusion, the auditors should issue a modified report in accordance with ISA 705. All qualification may arise from either disagreement or uncertainty in the scope of the audit. Uncertainty Uncertainty may arise from, firstly a constraint during the audit work i.e. not all records are made available to the auditors, the auditors have appointed after the inventory counts. Secondly, inability to gather evidence concerning a doubt for e.g. an accounting record that have been destroyed or lost or the directors are concealing information. Disagreements Disagreement is due from factual discrepancies, unsuitable accounting policies, inadequate or misleading disclosure or failure to comply with an accounting standard or legislation. Sometimes it can be resolved with the client depending on the fact. Furthermore it is important to calculate the effect of these circumstances and this could be grouped as: Having a material but not pervasive effect on the FS. Having a pervasive (fundamental) effect on the FS. Except for opinion. An except for opinion is given when the effect is material but not pervasive uncertainty or disagreement. An example of an uncertainty could be the part destruction of accounting record and disagreement could be the inappropriate application of depreciation policy to a particular class of fixed assets. Adverse opinion. An adverse opinion is given when the matter concerned is a fundamental disagreement such as failure by the client to recognize a provision which would convert a profit into loss. Disclaimer opinion. A disclaimer opinion is given in the presence of multiple fundamental uncertainties and it is impossible for the auditors to form an opinion. Factors affecting the reliability of audit report. Failure by auditors to issue a reliable audit report can arise from two main causes. Auditors may identify a material misstatement and fail to report it i.e. the auditors lack independence. Auditors may fail to detect an existing error or fraud in the financial statement. Lack of auditors independence Principles of auditors independence Independence is the main means by which the auditor demonstrates that he can perform his task in an objective manner (FEE 1995). Independence is fundamental to the reliability of auditors reports and an indispensable component for the auditing profession. Independence has been described as a position to take an unbiased view point in the performance of audit test, analysis of results and attestation in the audit report (Appah 2008). It simply means the auditors ability to express an honest and impartial conclusion and also the ability of reporting reality to users. In addition, independence also means the ability to resist managerial pressures that impair or are perceived to impair an auditors willingness to carry his work objectively and honestly. Without independence the auditors opinion is suspicious and the audit is considered to be worthless. If the auditors failed to maintain independence in their work, this can affect the reliability of audit report to the sense that the auditors may have discovered material misstatement during the audit test and may deliberately ignore it and issue an unmodified opinion. Independence: in fact and appearance Subject to Mautz and Sharaf (1964) there are two aspects of independence: Independence in fact (real independence) and independence in appearance (perceived independence). These two concepts are essential in maintaining independence. Real independence refers to the actual state of mind of the auditor. An auditor possessing the requisite state of mind will always react in the correct way as he has the ability to make independent audit decision in any compromising situation. More importantly, auditors should not only be independent in fact, but they should appear as independent in order to acquire the public trust on the auditors opinion. Auditors are expected to be seen as independent while examining the clients FS and collecting audit evidence which support their opinion (Stevenson 2002). Precisely, auditors are supposed to be independent while deciding on reporting strategies without any pressures from their clients management (Cullinan, 2004). Church and Zhang (2002) argue that independence in fact ensures the reliability of audited financial statements and independence in appearance helps to promote public confidence which will automatically increas e the trust of the users on audited FS. Factors affecting auditors independence Size of Audit Firm Various studies have proven that larger audit firms are more able to resist managerial pressures i.e. higher auditors independence (Gul 1989, Abu Bakar et al. 2005, Alleyne et al. 2006). Small audit firms may impair independence because they have a tendency to provide a more personalized service to their audit clients which will ultimately develop a close relationship between them (Shockley 1981). Since big firms have many clients, they are not affected by their clients fees so they have less incentive to report favorably to their clients. Moreover, DeAngelo (1981) reported that large audit firms are more likely to issue reliable report since they fear of losing their reputation if they are found to be associated with accounting scandals. However there is no assurance that larger firms are more able to resist pressures from their clients as pointed by Goldman Barlev (1974) due to the fact of the case which happened with Arthur Andersen and Enron. Level of Competition in the Audit Services Market Competition within the audit market is a major factor affecting auditors independence (Sucher and Bychkova 2001; Umar and Anandarajan 2004; MacLullich and Sucher 2005). High level competition compel the auditors to tolerate managerial pressures and ignore any material misstatement detected during the audit test and issue incorrect report as they fear of losing the clients due to the fact that the same services are easily available elsewhere. However, Gul (1989) argued that the level of competition do not cause auditors to be less independent. The existence of competition create a fear in the mind of the auditors as this same services are easily available in the market so they will strive to create a good image of themselves and increase their independency in order to maintain their clients and attract new ones. Tenure of an Audit Firm Serving the Needs of a Given Client An audit firms tenure is the length of time it has served the audit needs of a particular client. Most researchers have viewed tenure as a factor which affects the auditors independence negatively (Abu Bakar et al., 2005; Alleynes et al., 2006). Tenure may result into friendship with the audit client and make the auditor to ignore imperfections that have a significant material impact on the FS (Moore et al. 2006). Mautz Sharaf (1961) emphasized that a long tenure creates complacency, lack of innovation, less rigorous audit procedures and a learned confidence between the audit firm and the clients. It may happen that the audit client has changed the business activities but the auditors are still using the same old audit procedures. Ongoing relations make the auditors to rely upon last years auditing and prevent them from making new evaluation of the control system, thus affecting the reliability of audit report. Size of Audit Fees Received by Audit Firm (in relation to total percentage of audit revenue) Large size of audit fees caused a higher risk of losing auditors independence. The IFACs Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (1996, para 8.7) suggest that client size (measured from size of fees) could raise doubts as to independence. Since audit firms depend on fees for their survival, a step such as qualifying the audit report could be ignored so as not to displease the client and also for the fear of losing income. It is exclusively relevant if the audit firm receive a major proportion of its fee revenue from a particular client. Conversely Pany Reckers (1983) argued that the large size of the clients audit fee (measured as a percentage of office revenues to the audit firm) do not show any significant impacts on AI but it inclined the public to be less confidence in the auditors independence. Non-audit services (NAS) The provision of NAS such as book-keeping and financial statement preparation services, internal audit services, taxation and legal services to audit client is regarded as a potential factor which affects auditors independence drastically. Wines (1994) found out that auditors receiving NAS fees are less likely to qualify their opinion than auditors that dont receive such fees. The NAS fees make auditors financially dependent on their clients and less willing to restraint managerial pressure for the fear of losing their business. Brandon et al (2004) found that auditors would not perform their audit services objectively and joint provision would impair perceived independence. Joint provisions help the auditors to be in a better position in concealing any material facts since they will the same person who will prepare the FS and the same one who will perform the audit. Moreover as the level of clients pressures increased, the auditors became less concerned on the quality of internal co ntrol system (Muhamad and Karbhari, 2006), thus affecting the quality of audit report since these internal deficiencies will remain concealed. Failure by auditors to detect material misstatement in the financial statement. The second factors affecting the reliability of audit report is failure by auditors to detect an existing fraud or error in the FS. Very often, when material misstatement is discovered, the board members are surprised by the occurrence and even more surprised by the fact that the auditors did not detect it. Failure by auditors to detect an existing fraud or error during the audit is costly to their firms because they suffer damages for giving an incorrect audit opinion and at the same time affect the audit quality. Material misstatement has increased considerably over the recent years and professionals believe this trend is likely to continue. ISA 240 The Auditors Responsibilities relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statement states that misstatements in the FS can arise from either fraud or error. Error is an unintentional misstatement in FS, compromising the omission of an amount or a disclosure, such as a mistake in gathering or processing data, an incorrect accounting estimate and a mistake in the application of accounting principles. The ISA 240 refers fraud as an intentional act by one or more individuals among management, those charged with governance, employees, or third parties, involving the use of deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. Aderibigbe and Dada (2007) define fraud as a deliberate deceit planned and executed with the intent to deprive another person of his property or rights directly or indirectly, regardless of whether the perpetrator benefits from his/her actions. According to ISA 240, there are two types of fraud namely: misstatements resulting from fraudulent financial reporting (management fraud) and misstatements resulting from misappropriation of assets (employee fraud) Fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) involves intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in FS to deceive FS users. Some types of FFR include manipulation, falsification or alteration of accounting records, misrepresentation or intentional omission of events, transactions or other significant information and intentional misapplication of accounting principles relating to measurement, recognition, classification, presentation or disclosure. Misappropriation of assets involves the theft of an entitys assets such as embezzling receipts, stealing physical or intangible assets and making the organization to pay for goods and services not received. Such acts are often accompanied by false or misleading records or documents in order to conceal the fact. Responsibilities of the auditors Various studies that have been conducted in different countries showed that many users perceived that it is the responsibility of the auditors to detect irregularities (Leung and Chau. 2001 in Hong Kong; Dixon et al (2006) in Egypt; Fadzly and Ahmad. 2004 in Malaysia). Since the fall of Enron, Boynton et al (2005) argue that auditing standards have been revised to re consider the auditors responsibilities regarding fraud. Moreover ISA 315 requires the auditors to evaluate the effectiveness of the clients internal control system in detecting or preventing material misstatement occurring. Boynton et al (2005) emphasized that this condition was not previously needed, such an evaluation was only required if the auditors chose to rely on the internal control system in attempt to lessen the extent of the audit procedures. All staff members are required to communicate their result in order to combine the minor irregularities detected by each of them and required to consider the incentives and opportunities existed in the organization that induce the occurrence of fraud. An auditor who is conducting an audit in accordance with ISAs should obtain reasonable assurance that the FS taken as a whole are free from material misstatement whether from error and fraud. But an auditor cannot provide absolute assurance that the FS are free from material misstatement since some material misstatements of the FS may not be detected, even though the audit is properly planned and performed in accordance with the ISAs. Furthermore frauds are more difficult to detect than errors since the former involve the use of sophisticated and well organized plan to conceal them. It should be noted that management fraud is more difficult to detect than employee fraud as management is often found on the higher position and is more able to directly or indirectly manipulate figures. Such attempts may be even more difficult to detect if they are accompanied with collusion because collusion may cause the auditor to believe that audit evidence is persuasive when in fact, it is false. It is worth to note that the ultimate responsibility in relation to fraud detection and prevention rest with those charged with the governance of the entity and management. It is their responsibility to implement appropriate internal control systems to prevent fraud in their companies. Factors affecting the ability of auditors to detect material misstatement. Poor audit planning Planning is critical to the effectiveness and efficiency of an audit engagement (Mock Wright, 1992). It can be concluded that information obtained in the planning stage have an impact on the subsequent audit procedures and the audit evidence to be evaluated (Joyce, 1976). The planning stage consists of materiality assessments, risk assessments and decision on the kind of evidence to be collected. If the initial risk assessment is wrong, the planned audit procedures may be incorrect or insufficient, thus reducing the reliability of the FS and increase the auditors exposure to lawsuit and unfavorable outcomes (Palmrose 1987). If the auditors fail to assess risk, a material error could arises in the raw data of an account balance (inherent risk (IR)), passes through the internal control system of the entity undetected (control risk (CR)) and escapes detection by the auditors tests and procedures (detection risk (DR)). The risk assessment stage is vital as it enables the auditors to identify areas where there is a high probation of material misstatement, plan audit work that address those errors and minimize the chance of giving an incorrect audit opinion. The risk assessment comprises of three important elements namely IR, CR and DR. If any of these three elements are wrongly assessed, it affects the subsequent procedures and many misstatements would go undetected. IR is important as it identifies risks which are inherent within the industry. CR enable auditors to assess whether the clients internal control system can identify or prevent any material misstatement occurring. The assessment of inherent and c ontrol risk will have an impact on detection risk as they will determine the extent of audit procedures. Furthermore, if the auditors fail to determine materiality level, this can cause many material misstatements or omissions go undetected. IASB defined materiality as information is material if its omission or misstatement could influence the economic decision of users taken on the basis of the financial statement. Determining materiality is a matter of professional judgment. It can be concluded that both materiality and risk assessment contribute to determine the nature, extent and timing of audit procedures. Inexperienced Auditors Although a successful audit depends on a good planning stage, the ultimate success depends on the auditors experience to conduct the audit. Experienced auditors have the appropriate and adequate skills required in order to achieve audit objectives to the satisfaction of the client. Very often, auditors fail to detect material misstatement despite having assessing a high initial risk assessment, the reason behind this failure is that they lack the required skill to perform the audit while simultaneously identifying relevant risk factor. Experienced auditors is regarded as an valuable asset to the audit firm since they have more practice and feedback on the types of material misstatement that could be existed in the FS and its rate of occurrence (Libby and Frederick, 1990), thus increasing the likelihood of detecting potential fraud more easily. Bedard and Graham (2002) concluded that auditors with more experience with a particular client industry have more ability to identify risk factors than auditors with little or no experience with that industry. Furthermore, Moeckel (1991) found that experienced auditors search for more evidence than less experienced auditors. It simply means that experienced auditor do not only rely upon the evidence produced by the client but they look for further relevant and reliable evidence outside the entity before reaching an opinion, thus increasing the chance of detecting irregularities. Libby and Trotman (1993) found that senior auditors have the ability to recognize evidences which are inconsistent with their judgment. Time budget Time budget is considered as a major problem faced by almost auditors. Time budget pressures affect the quality of an audit as it prevents the auditors from allocating adequate number of time to complete specified audit procedures (Margheim, Kelley Pattison, 2005) and limits auditors ability to expand the extent of audit test (Asare et al. 2000), thus affecting the ability of auditors to detect material misstatement in the FS. It is worth to note that when attainment of budget is considered as a major factor in performance evaluation, auditors are more likely to engage in dysfunctional behaviors such as reduction of follow-up procedures, underreporting of time, and overriding auditing procedures in the work program (Azad 1994). Time pressures create a stressful working environment among the audit team which is likely to affect the ability of auditors to detect material misstatement since the auditors tend to behave unprofessionally. This includes behavior such as superficial examination of documents, acceptance of weak explanations by the client, reduction of work on an audit step below acceptable levels. E.Cook and Kelley (1988) survey results showed that auditors are more likely to engage in reduced audit quality practices in order to attain the time set by the firms. It simply means as time budget pressure increased, the auditors performance decreased significantly (McDaniel, 1990). However, time budget make auditors work harder and charge all time properly (Kelley and Seiler1982, Cook and Kelley 1991, Otley and Pierce 1996a). Moreover time budget is likely to enhance audit judgment by encouraging auditors to emphasis more on relevant information thus preventing them from being influenced by irrelevant information (Glover 1997). Sampling error According to ISA 530 Audit Sampling and Other Sampling Testing Procedures, audit sampling involves the application of audit procedures to less than 100% of items within a population of audit relevance such that all sampling units have a chance of selection in order to provide the auditor with a reasonable basis on which to draw conclusions about the entire population. Every audit involves the use of sampling since it is costly for the auditors to examine 100% of all the transactions that took place during a period. The auditors use some form of audit sampling to test the internal control system, help them to reach a conclusion about whether or not material misstatement exist. But sampling always involves some risk, i.e. the auditors might not look at enough items or the sample result might not be representatives. This can have a drastic effect since the auditors might reach an incorrect conclusion. Sampling risk could occur in both test of control and substantive procedures. In test of control, there is the risk of assessing control risk too high or too low.  Ã‚  Assessing control risk too high result into audit inefficiency and assessing control risk too low makes the auditor rely on ineffective control procedures which increases detection risk. In substantive procedures, there is the risk of incorrect acceptance and risk of incorrect rejection. Incorrect acceptance is the risk that the conclusion drawn from the audit sample is that the account balance is not materially misstated, when in fact it is materially misstated. Incorrect rejection is the risk that the conclusion drawn from the audit sample is that the account balance is materially misstates, when in reality it is not. Inadequate audit fees There is limited empirical evidence on the linkage between low audit fees and audit quality. However we can say that audit fees have an impact in the performance of auditors. Numerous Accountancy members have noted that low fees are associated with inadequate audit work. For example, an auditor might use his judgment to the client rather than devote additional time to investigating an audit issue and search for reliable evidence. This would likely to make the auditors to fail in identifying a material misstatement in the FS and issue an incorrect opinion. It can be asserted that when audit fees are abnormally low, the concern is poor audit quality as the auditor might attempt to cut back on effort to design an appropriate audit procedure that fully identify and address material misstatement. Furthermore it can be concluded that if audit fees are low relative to the size of audit client and audit client complexity, this can cause a serious problem since the auditors would be demotivated as more time and effort would be required to perform the external audit work and to reach an unbiased conclusion, thus making the auditors to skip a lot of important audit procedures. On the other hand, inadequate fees do not pose any concern when there is severe competition among audit firms since all audit firms will tend to tender low fees for their services in order to maintain its clients and to attract new ones.

Eyes in Steinbeck’s The Snake Essay -- Essays Papers

Eyes in Steinbeck’s The Snake Eyes, both human and animal, appear as a predominant motif in John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Snake.† Eyes serve not only a descriptive function, but signify two different modes of looking. One mode, embodied by Doctor Phillips, is scientific; the other, embodied by his female visitor, is bestial. Doctor Phillips uses sight to exert control over his environment; the woman’s way of looking proves more powerful, however, by achieving a truer understanding of the irrational impulses that govern the natural world. The description of Dr. Phillips’ eyes and the eyes of the woman qualify the two opposing worlds they represent. Dr. Phillips, who represents the scientific world, has â€Å"mild† eyes (74). The adjective â€Å"mild† suggests a lack of emotion; the scientific point of view employed by the doctor is wholly rational, and thus negates irrational emotion. Dr. Phillips’ refusal to acknowledge his emotions is evident in the phrase, â€Å"[he could] not [kill] an insect for pleasure† (80). If the doctor’s â€Å"mild† eyes connote a lack of emotion, then the â€Å"glitter† in the woman’s eyes suggest excitement, arousal, and an embrace of the irrational emotions that the doctor denies (75). The description of the woman’s eyes also indicates the doctor’s inability to comprehend the woman’s mode of looking. The story, though written from a third person perspective, is limited to what the doctor sees, thin ks, and feels; thus, the description of the woman’s eyes arise from his interpretations. Words such as â€Å"dark,† â€Å"veiled,† and â€Å"dusty† (78) are attached to the woman’s eyes in order to suggest mystery. The woman’s eyes seem mysterious to Dr. Phillips because her mode of looking is alien to him. In his first interaction... ...heir eyes and body movements; the doctor is likened to the rat through his â€Å"slight† build and fair hair (74). The rat sees the snake, but remains â€Å"unconcern[ed]† (83). Just as the rat fails to recognize the danger of the snake, Dr. Phillips initially fails to recognize the danger of the woman. He presumes, incorrectly, that she is just like his other visitors. Only too late does he realize that he can neither determine how she â€Å"sees,† nor exert his own mode of looking over her. She forces him to acknowledge a point of view not only different from his own, but more attuned to the essential temperament of the natural world. This temperament is defined by the irrational urges that exist in every living thing, including the doctor himself. Note 1. All references to â€Å"The Snake† are from John Steinbeck, The Long Valley (New York, NY: Viking, 1938): 73-86.

Essential of Motoric Development in Life Skill Exercise

The Essentials of Motor Development in Practical Life By: Intan Rahmanita If teaching is to be effective with young children, it must assist them to advance on the way to independence. It must initiate them into those kinds of activities, which they can perform themselves. We must help them to learn how to walk without assistance, to run, to go up and down the stairs, to pick up fallen objects, to dress and undress, to wash themselves, to express their needs, and to attempt to satisfy their desires through their own efforts. All this is part of an education for independence. – Maria Montessori, The Discovery of the Child, Chapter 3 page 57. From the beginning, a child will strive for independence, and the best way to help him achieve it is to show him the skill he needs to succeed. Unfortunately, parents try to help much and in wrong way. Many, for instance rather to wait patiently every day while their youngster struggles to eat breakfast, do up his button, tie his shoe lace and then end up doing these for him. Montessori built up a curriculum that called Practical Life. These are simple everyday routinely perform by adults to control and maintain the environment which they live and work.The activities are utilitarian, and so for the adult, they have purpose and means to an end-and the end result is more important than the process. Practical life activities enable the adult to control his physical and social environment. From early age, every child watches his parents perform these every day and so he has a strong desire to copy and learn from them- it is his way of adapting the world. Unlike the adult, however, the performance of these simple daily routine is developmental and absorbing for the child; he is more interested in the process involved than in the end result.As a writer, I’m very interested to bring up this topic due in my childhood this area for most parents not so important to be stimulated rather language and math. I still remember my first years live far apart from my parents. Where I must entered dormitory in Senior High School. I even don’t know how to sweep floor properly, folded the clothed until washed my own dress. Every tasks need lots of time and must repeated twice or more to get clean. Thus, it made me frustrated and really influences my focus on school. Something get wrong here? Why my I cannot do these simple things.Why fine motor, my eye-hand, my feet not well coordinate even to sweep the room. Then the answer pop in to my head, because I never do it . And It is like if I’m studying math, where when practicing make perfect. Now as a mother, I want for my daughter to have an easier life in the future whatever profession she would focus on, just like Maria Montessori said to give the child â€Å"a help to life†. Montessori stated that at each plane of development there is a sensitive period for different skills and activities. It is critical that proper stimulation be provided as nature intended.A child enters the Children's House (Montessori preschool) around the age of three. It is here where the Work of the Family, known as Practical Life activities, provides an introduction and smooth transition to the Montessori school by linking the activities that the child is familiar with at home to the school environment. Children at this age enjoy, and even prefer, spending their time helping adults with their activities. When allowed to do so, the child learns that his contributions are of value, thus boosting his self-esteem and independence. He enjoys and should be encouraged to use child-size replicas of adult tools.In short, the direct aim of Montessori Practical Life activities is to help develop social skills and independence. Indirectly, Practical Life activities develop fine motor skills, as well as strengthening intellect, concentration, and personal will. Four categories of practical life: a. Care of Environment Such as pouring, transferring, cleani ng, and polishing. Pouring activities are common in Montessori school. Children will learn to pour beans from jug to jug complex tasks pouring exercise. These simple exercise prepared the child indirectly for mathematical complex such as volume and capacity. . Development of Motor Skill Such as opening and closing bottles, boxes, latches, padlocks, cutting with scissors, screwing and unscrewing of nut and bolts, sewing, pasting, weaving, plaiting and many more in Montessori classroom are design to help the children to improve his/her fine motor skill, eye-hand coordination and concentration. c. Care of Self Such as activities related to personal hygiene such as washing or drying hand, brushing, combing, or plaiting hair, cleaning and cutting of nails, blowing’s one nose, dressing and undressing.In order to help children get their independence. Therefore it needs to design purposeful work, establish will and discipline. d. Social grace and courtesy Such as how to shake hands, saying please and thank you, how to interrupt someone, and how to cough and sneeze. Importance of Motor Development Motor skill definition Motor skills are the movements that use to lift, push or carry. Minds have to tell the body to connect the spatial needs of the surroundings to the muscles and bones to complete the tasks. Mastering motor skills means practicing, teaching and imitating.It need fine motor and gross motor skills working together to create your movement. The difference between the two skills depends on your task a. Fine Motor Capability Fine motor skills entail using small muscles of the body. Writing, coordinating hand-eye movements, creating works of art, moving the eyes or lips are examples of fine motor coordination. Picking up a tiny leaf between the fingers is using the fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are using the small muscles of the body. Visual motor skills, such as putting together puzzles or using construction toys, are fine motor activities.The han d-eye coordination, another fine motor skill, is necessary to complete any tasks using a pencil, including the ability to draw. b. Gross Motor Skills In childhood, gross motor is the first set of skills the child masters. Sitting, using his arms, legs or feet, walking and running are examples of gross motor skills. Rolling down a hill is using gross motor skills. Pushing a wagon is a gross motor skill. Using the large muscles is how gross motor skills operate. Skills that use the entire body or many parts at one time are gross motor skills. Muscle tone is an important aspect of gross motor skills.If the body reacts too tightly, you will experience jerky or disconnected gross motor movements. If the body reacts loosely, you need more strength and the movements appear slow. The difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills is the capability of muscle function. It need both functions to complete tasks. Reaching over to the sink to grasp a glass of water, you are using you r gross motor muscles to reach. When a child actually grasp the glass, it allows the large muscles to tell the small muscles to grasp the glass. If a child is having spatial difficulties, he will not be able to grasp the glass.If a child is having gross motor problems, it will not be able to reach out the arm. Muscle strength, flexibility and coordination determine how child can accomplish motor skills. If there is a developmental problem, that will affect how well he can complete skills. Flat feet can be the culprit for awkward walking. Skills like riding a bike, if he is having balance problems, will not work. How Motor Development encourage in Montessori Classroom. â€Å"All movement thus has a most intricate and delicate machinery. But in a man none of it is established at birth.It has to be formed and perfected by the child’s activity in the world. It has to be formed and perfected by the child’s activity in the world. Unlike the animal, man finds him self so ric hly endowed with muscles that there are hardly any movements he cannot learn to make, and while he is doing this we do not talk about strengthening his muscles, but coordinating them, which is a very different thing. The point is that, in man’s case, he finds all his muscles uncoordinated, and the nervous arrangement for all movement he learns have to built up and perfected by action initiated by his mind.In the other words, child has an internal power to bring about co-ordinations, which he thus created himself, and once these has begun to exist he goes on perfecting them by practice. He himself is clearly the one of the principle creative factors in their production† The educational value of a movement depends of finality (or end) of the movement; and it must be a such help the child to perfect something in himself; either it perfect voluntary muscular system (the flesh); or some mental capacity; or both.Educational movement must always be activity which builds up and fortifies the personality, giving him a new power and not leaving him where he was†¦(Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work, E. M. Standing, Chapter 13 page 233) Practical life is the first activities the child introduced to in Montessori environment, also the first Maria Montessori teach when she was on Casa the Bambini. These practices are: a. Opening and closing boxes b. Opening and closing lids jar and biscuit tins c. Opening and closing various type of doors and cupboards d. Pouring beans between two jugs, pouring water, and pouring water trough funnel. e.Folding and unfolding clothes f. Lifting, carrying, and putting down delicate object g. Lifting, carrying, and putting down a tray with object on it h. Carrying a floor mat i. Unrolling and rolling up a floor mat j. Sitting on the edge of an unrolled mat k. Lifting, carrying, and putting down a chair l. With chair on the table, lifting it away from table, sitting on it and, getting up from it and placing it back under the t able. m. Using scissor and handling scissor to someone n. Handling a book o. Handling and playing a record Present Research: Correlation of fine motor development with practical life area stimulation.There a research by Rule and Steward (2002) that wants to find correlation between practical skill activities based on Montessori program with motor skill development especially fine motor’s children in public kindergarten schools. The experiment conducted in order to find the best way to therapy clumsy children. Based on literacy and former researcher, Rule and Steward found that children who have difficulties coordinating the small muscle group in their hands (fine motor) have difficulty dressing, feeding themselves, and manipulating pencil.This difficulty makes children dependent on others, opens them to peer ridicule, and prevents them from the meeting the demands of school. In further studies, it found difficulties in handwriting, in art design and technology, in home econom ics and in practical science lesson. These children also exhibited more behavior problems and lower achievement with some exhibiting â€Å"intense of personal feeling of failure† and a worrying amount of dissatisfaction. Second, there is a moderate correlation between fine motor bility and early literary performance. Third, there is interdigital dexterity to be a strong predictor of reading achievement. Rule and Steward do an experiment in order to measure practical life material on public school kindergarten’s fine motor skill development over a 6-month period. The dependent measure was a penny post test. In the penny posting test, the number of pennies are counted that a seated child can pick up open at a time with dominant hand and place into one sloth in can within 30 seconds.Each student was presented with 50 pennies spread on a towel and was given a practice of depositing two pennies into the sloth, then two 30 second trials. This same procedure was followed for pretest and post test. The teachers were asked to show students how to manipulate the material and complete the activities. Each box had a step by step instructions and material list. The first author demonstrated proper operation of boxes to the teachers; Teacher received six new box of material every 2 weeks throughout the study period. Student used the fine motor skill as an option during center time almost every day.More than 50 different sets of activities were provided to experimental group (n=101). Teacher coached students in following specific steps to use tweeters, tongs, and spoons to manipulate a variety of object. Students then employed the materials during the center time in their classrooms. What happen there and what the child doing After the post test, experimental group of children were asked to comment about the materials. Most children spoke enthusiastically of the activities, commenting that the activities sparked their imaginations and challenged their motor ski lls.Teacher mentioned how students enjoyed the activities because of attractive items and themes. Activities that teacher as most valuable were those incorporated cognitive skill such like finding likeness and differences, matching, and sorting or science content like learning about animals. Although experimental and control group teacher reported equal amounts of fine motor activity in the classrooms, significant interaction effects were found indicating the experimental group outperformed the control on the post test measure. An overall effect size of 0. 4 indicates that the type of fine motor activity is important in children development. Conclusion: 1. Montessori Practical Life activities help develop social skills, independence, fine motor skills, as well as strengthening intellect, concentration, and personal will. 2. Children who have difficulties coordinating the small muscle group in their hands (fine motor) have difficulty dressing, feeding themselves, and manipulating pen cil 3. Research by Rule and Steward found that practical life activities increase kindergarten’s fine motor skill development. . .

Acropolis essays

Acropolis essays The acropolis is one of Greeces most monumental pieces that still stand today. Erected as a place of worship, the area towers over the city of Athens as a dedication the God Athena. In the age of the 5th century BC, the city of Greece, had emerged the victor of war. To the victor, comes the spoils, and rewarded they were. They had been rewarded with a greater sense of self-pride, and this opened their eyes to discovering themselves to a greater extent. Greece and its people had grown in confidence, patriotism, religion and culture, and through the method of architecture, wanted to share and show their new take to life. This time of the Greeks gave birth to the creation of the Acropolis complex, which is part of the ancient wonders of the world. In this time of post victory, the Greeks wanted to show the world and remind themselves of their ever-great country. The orders of Doric, and Ionic architecture have been used extensively in this shrine. This is because the style of classical architecture that included ionic and doric designs, is something that the Athenians thought were unique to them. These Doric and Ionic traits included things such as their column styles, pediment pieces, and walls decorations such as friezes or metopes as the Greeks called it. The aim of the Parthenon and the whole acropolis complex, is to be very Greek, very Athenian, with no outside influences, it would truly represent the pride of the country. Such a grand and huge scale project would convey the very values of the Greek people clearly such as religion and of course architecture. Like Gothic architecture to the French, it would leave a signature of Greek style architecture embedded into it, their classical architecture. This way, the acropoli s will always be remembered to be unmistakably of Greek origin. Unfortunately for the Greeks, the Romans also adopted their architecture and may cloud the judgement of the viewer about the origins of the acr...

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Essays

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Essays Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Paper Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Literature The poem Cousin Kate is written by Christina Rossetti in the 19th century. The Choosing was written in the 20th century by Liz Lochhead. Both poems are about two girls who are equal, and how with the interference of a man and a decision they go in different directions of life. In Cousin Kate betrayal is the theme, whereas, in The Choosing there is more a sense of envy between the characters. Both poems are similar. They consist of men, marriage, love and women. Cousin Kate is a traditional narrative poem. It has been written in first person, narrated by I using the personal pronoun. I is the victim. The poem is set out in quatrains so it has a regular structure. Each stanza has four lines and the poem also rhymes. The Choosing has an irregular structure and it doesnt rhyme on every stanza. Rhythm is only used to emphasise the important parts of the poem. The structure of both poems can tell us when the poem was written. Both poems also differ from each other. One difference would be the title. The title The Choosing tells us that a decision was made. The is a definite article and Choosing is a verb, which is a doing word. The purpose of a title is to give the reader an idea to what the poem could be about. It has been used to mislead the reader, it gives you false expectations until you meet the point that the title is relating to in the poem. And wonder when the choices got made we dont remember making. This tells us that a choice was made, but I or Mary didnt decide. The choice was made by Marys father, they moved to a different home. This distanced I and Marys friendship so they took different paths of life. The writer has used caesuras to once again emphasise important parts of the poem. The title Cousin Kate is a proper noun because it is a name. In this poem the writer has used oxymoron to contrast both parts of Is life. To lead a shameless shameful life. This oxymoron tells us that Is life is shameless and shameful, she is trying to express the difference of her present life with her past life. Her past life was shameless because she was an ordinary cottage maiden living an ordinary life, until the Lord found her out and filled her heart with care. Her present life is shameful because she has lost her virginity before marriage. In the 19th century this was considered serious. Women were humiliated and thrown out of their homes, it was a shameful life. In Cousin Kate I was a cottage maiden along with her cousin Kate. Contented with my cottage mates. This phrase tells us that I was better off in her past life before the Lord interfered. She wasnt mindful, but she was fair. The Lord took advantage of Is beauty. He lured her to his palace home and used her as his plaything. I however, was unable to see the Lords true colours; she may have truly loved the Lord until she found out about his affair with her cousin Kate. He changed me like a glove. This simile has been used to emphasise how easy it was for the Lord to change Is way of thinking. He tricked her into loving him and he used her to make himself look good to the public. When he was satisfied with her, he became bored and then he noticed Kate. I was cast by. This also tells us that the 19th century had a patriarchal society. Men had to be the boss; only men were permitted to have a job. Women were expected to stay home and take care of their children. Only men were allowed to divorce their wives. The neighbours call you good and pure, call me an outcast thing. I is disgraced; she is pointed at and humiliated. Nevertheless, she has something the Lord would give lands for; she has the Lords fair-haired son. Her shame, but her pride and a gift that Kate can never give the Lord. In The Choosing I and Mary are equal and young. With the same coloured ribbons in mouse coloured hair. This tells us that they are young because they wear ribbons on their mouse coloured hair. The word mouse is a synonym to a light brown colour. Synonyms are used to include other words with the same meaning. It also tells us that they are equal and normal average girls. Both girls were first equal and equally proud. We curtseyed to the Lady Councillor for copies of Collins Childrens Classics. This tells us that both girls were equally clever. The writer has used an alliteration to slow down the rhythm and make it stand out to show how important education was then. However, I had always felt a bit jealous of Mary. And my terrible fear of her superiority at sums. This tells us that Mary was a little better at Maths than I. This frightened I a little because Mary would become better than her so they would no longer be equal anymore. I felt jealous. The writer has also used and, a conjunction to show Is agony and feelings of envy for Mary. Ten years later on a Saturday- I am coming home from the library. This tells us that there is a change in time, it is the present tense. It also tells us that she wants to learn and get a good job. She has just come back from the library, she may have been studying there, and she is determined not to go back to the old same life. She wants to see the difference and change in an educated life from an ordinary life. In Cousin Kate Kate is described as good and pure. They are positive adjectives because they describe a person in a good way. Kate is described this way because she is still a virgin. I on the other hand is pregnant with the Lords baby. Kate grew fairer than I. The Lord chose Kate while I was cast by. He bound you with his ring. This tells us that the Lord proposed to Kate. The word bound is a verb; the writer has used this verb because she wants to express to the reader that Kate is restricted from her freedom, she is trapped in his clutches, and theres no escape. This tells us that in the 19th century women were controlled by men, and they were only to do as they were told. Your love was writ in sand. This is a metaphor used to explain to the reader that Kates love for the Lord is false. Kate is interested in the Lords money. Her love can wash away like sand. Kate may be good and pure, but under her pretty face lays greed and selfishness. In The Choosing Mary is a quiet character. I dont know exactly why they moved, but anyway they went. Something about a three-apartment and cheaper rent. Rhythm is used in these two phrases because this is where the choice gets made. It has to stand out to enable the reader to notice. This tells us that Marys father may have had financial difficulties or lost his job so they had to move homes. This also tells us that Mary may have had to live her life uneducated because her father couldnt afford it. It is Marys father who makes the decision of their lives. Mary is a simple and ordinary schoolgirl, but she may have been beautiful to find a handsome husband. Sitting near me on the bus, Mary with a husband who is tall, curly haired, has eyes for no one else but Mary. This sentence has a hurenthasis caesura. It plainly states that Marys husband is devoted to her. The adjectives used in this sentence to describe Marys husband tell us that he is a handsome and good-looking man. This makes I feel jealous of Mary when she sees her on the bus. One other thing that makes I feel envious is when she realises that Mary is pregnant. Her arms are round the full-shaped vase that is her body. This is a metaphor that has been used to tell the reader that Mary is pregnant so she is happy and settled in her marriage. This tells us that in the 20th century women were less controlled by men. Men were beginning to take relationships seriously. The Lord in Cousin Kate praised Is flaxen hair to ensure her that he could be trusted. She fell for the Lords words, but her trust was betrayed after the Lord left her for another women. He wore me like a silken knot. This simile tells us that the Lord found it easy to gain Is trust. However, the Lord cannot completely remove I from his life because she has his son. The Lord needs an heir so he would give lands for one. Marys father in The Choosing is in a working class situation. He has been described in a way to make him sound strict. Marys father, mufflered, contrasting strangely with the elegant greyhounds by his side. This tells us that he isnt a very friendly father. He doesnt believe in high-school education especially for girls so he is sexually double standard and very stereotypical about girls. It was because of his decisions Mary and I took different paths of life. In conclusion, both poems are similar because they consist of women and womens role. Both poems have been written by women. In the 19th century women were expected to get married before they become pregnant. I disobeyed this traditional rule and so she got punished for it. In The Choosing I became jealous of her childhood friend. In the 20th century women were free, they were permitted to work and learn. There was no rush in marriage. The difference is the fact that in both poems the society is different, it is better in the 20th century. Women are included as useful.

Book Review on Tipping Point by Malcomb Gladwell Essay

Book Review on Tipping Point by Malcomb Gladwell - Essay Example Prior to the book by Gladwell, the said process can be considered to occur on the basis uncontrolled factors. For that matter, the study of such events though can be considered of interest is merely accepted as inevitable and a common occurrence (Gladwell, 2000). The Tipping Point then can be considered as an important presentation of the idea explaining the phenomenon of having trends that cover a multidisciplinary area extending from public health to marketing. The term tipping point can be defined as the point wherein the different requirements to achieve exponential popularity can be achieved. The different factors that are related to the said process are the main concept captured in the book (Gladwell, 2000). Based on the book, there are different important concepts that are presented. Basically, the said factors are considered essential and fundamental in the achievement of the tipping point and success in terms for the introduction and popularity of a concept or a product. The said factors are referred to as the Law of the Few, the Stickiness Factor, and the Power of Context comprise the majority of the book. These factors are referred to as the Rules of Epidemics (Gladwell, 2000). The main points presented by the book revolve around the said concepts which can be considered to explain the trends and popularity achieved by certain products and concepts. In addition, important ways and methods to be able to achieve the said success are given. It is based on the presented slogan of the book that little things can make a big difference. This can means that the little actions undertaken by people can affect others exponentially (Gladwell, 2000). Based on the study undertaken on the book, it can be considered that the ideas that the author presented are simple yet considerably accurate. Specifically, the effects of the said paradigms can had been extensively explained by Gladwell

E-Bussines Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-Bussines Technologies - Essay Example At the present, more and more companies are making use of the internet to carry out business tasks. Thus, seeing the importance of electronic commerce in today’s business environment Servue Corporation has decided to implement a new online business arrangement. In fact, web based business has transformed the map of the world. Now people can access any product or information by sitting at home using web links. The same simple and automated business technology is now required at the Servue business. In this scenario, this report will discuss some of the important aspects regarding implementation of this new technology. BUSINESS OVERVIEW Servue Corporation is specialized in offering a range of decorated crockery. They have before sold their goods with word of mouth to local customers as well as tourists, by means of their shop window, as well as with mail order from their catalogue or website. From the current business technology point of view the corporation has been making use of early 1990s computerised information system as well as makes use of their website mostly for marketing purposes. However, the current business website is not much dynamic to handle and manage the tasks of the business working through the web. Thus, the online management of business operations turns out to be a problematic job for the business. In this scenario there is need for efficient business and corporate management arrangement. BUSINESS ISSUES Currently, Servue Corporation is running its business using physical stores, email and telephonic order system. Though, the business as well uses products ordering system through phone calls from distant customer. The business is using 90s web based arrangement for capturing orders. However, such business arrangement is not much effective for ecommerce marketplace. Additionally, the business is facing a lot of problems in attracting the customers and targeting the products. The business main concern is to attract whole UK’s com munity towards the business and provide a better opportunity of attracting a wide variety of customer classes. The main issues here are lack of customer loyalty. The current business arrangement is based on a traditional legacy system for managing the orders. So it does not attract a great deal of customers. On the other hand, Servue Corporation has a lot of market contenders those are offering much superior customer support and online shopping capabilities to business customers. ONLINE BUSINESS WEBSITE FOR SERVUE BUSINESS In this section I will present the possible solution for Servue Corporation in order to improve their business productivity and corporate working through the web based channel. Here the main recommendation is about the establishment of web based business platform for possible business development and enhancement. This will be an online automated ordering and retailing system. In addition, business and market studies showed that the expansion rate of the Internet p urchases has been extremely high all through the previous years, as well as in spite of the circumstances of the real world financial disaster that affected the online orders registration, things still look extremely brilliant for the Internet. From this viewpoint, people who encourage a service or product as an element of an Internet trade have plenty

Use of military drones in civilian operations and law enforcement and Research Paper

Use of military drones in civilian operations and law enforcement and the impact this will have in regards to the 1st and 4th Amendments of the United States - Research Paper Example In addition, their deployment assists in preventing â€Å"boots on the ground† war, hence making the US safer (Boon & Lovelace, 2014). Opponents on the other hand claim that drones lead to the emergence of more terrorists than the ones they kill. They further argue that drone strikes murder large numbers of innocent civilians, violating international law, are not under adequate congressional supervision, grossly infringes on the sovereignty of other countries in addition to making the terrors of war look as harmless as a video game(Mathews,2013). The most popular form of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs)-which basically are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) armed with combat abilities-is the General Atomics MQ-1 Predator. Predators were for the first time deployed to Afghanistan nearly instantly after the terrorists attacks of Sept.11, 2001.In addition, predators carried out their initial ever armed operation in 7th October 2001 in Afghanistan. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, which is a bigger UCAV, has the capability of hauling a higher payload and has been in service from 2007. The Joint Special Operation Command (JSOC) and CIA are presently jointly administering the current program. These drones are usually deployed in such countries as Yemen, Somali and Pakistan. Strikes in Pakistan for instance have been happening from 2004 and intensified in pace from the beginning of 2008 summer. Apart from a Yemen strike in November 2002, the Yemen and Somalia campaigns started in 2011.In addition, there have been accounts of st rikes occurring in the Philippines, however, the information there is unclear. Additionally, there have done that have been deployed in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya as part of America’s more conservative military operations in those nations (Boon & Lovelace, 2014). Predator drones are capable of carrying up to 2 Hellfire missiles, having warheads of around 20 pounds,