Marriage and Family Therapy Essay Example for Free

wedding party and Family Therapy EssayThis paper impart also evaluate five major themes relevant to unification and Family Therapy which include ethical dilemmas in pairing and family centering, premarital steering qualifications of marriage and family therapists including licensure and certification. The biblical insight related to marriage and family therapy will also be explored as well as my personal reflections or so this topic. History and Development of Marriage focusing Marriage counselling was established in the early 1930s.Counselors recognized the advantages and perfumeiveness of treating married couples in joined sessions. This ripening appreciation for patterns of kinships in families led to numerous studies on marital conflict and dynamics and the effects on childrens development. In 1932, there were three marital clinics utter to open. They worked with soulfulnesss and their difficulties adhering to traditional gender role expectations. Developed an d founded in the late 1970s was the Marriage and Family Therapys economy of ethics which is called The Ameri back Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT).The organizations philosophical system was that marriage and family therapy were two separate field of battles, each with their own histories, concepts and differing practices. (AAMFT, 2012) Introduction of Marriage and Family discuss Counseling is to help persons understand and clarify their views of their conduct space, and to learn to communicate their self-determined goals through meaningful, well-informed choices and through resolution or problems of an emotional or interpersonal nature. (Burks and Steffire, 1979 . Focusing on a broader field in counseling, What is Marriage and Family Counseling?Marriage and family counselors work with couples and families on a wide range of clinical problems including, but non limited to, depression, marital strife, communication, and anxiety and child-p bent problems. Mar riage and family counseling is non just for unhappy or struggling couples, couples therapy can be used proactively to strengthen bonds and to gain a better understanding of atomic number 53 other. In addition, onwards a marriage begins pre-marital counseling can help couples achieve a deeper understanding of each other and iron divulge differences before their wedding day.They also help families learn to solve their problems by managing their relationships effectively. Family therapists often work with individuals, the couple and parents and children to get a better perspective of patterns that affect the correct system to develop strategies for modification. (Corey, Corey amp Callanan p. 450 2011). Family Counseling is important to the counseling field this therapy can help people within the family to resolve their disputes and quarrels through effective communication. proper communication with the help of a therapist or a counselor can help family members discuss their proble ms and issues with each other. The importance of the family in our development as whole and sound individuals is recognized as a basic truth by. In most cases, howalways, a disturbed and distressed customer will keep some difficult, challenging relationships within his/her family and these will need to be explored and addressed if the client is to discover and create relief and resolution of their problem.Biblical Insights related to Marriage and Family Therapy In the book, Competent Christian Counseling it states that To understand the individual, the one must unwrap the individual in the context of his or her system of relationships This implies that the quality of a individual is much more than one person, the person is a part of a social system that begins with family. (Clinton amp Ohlsclager p. 518 2002). From a biblical aspect Family is set forth as a social system that progressed by forming a set of rules, roles, power structure.Forms of communication and way to solve pro blems. There are four see principles that a Christian counselors point out when approaching any family. The first one is The family, in is social dimensions, reflects God. Meaning that The Father, Son and Holy olfactory perception all withstand unique distinctiveness however they are one as God this is compared to the Family. A family can consist of a mother, father and children or a mother and husband. If thought they are their own persons, they are considered one.The second key principle that is describe is Family health, individual health, and maturity are inseparably entwined. This key principle entails that the powers of family identity and socialization is significant for growth and development among each family member, which can ultimately lead to healthy family living. The Family is also like the perform is that following(a) basic principle, meaning that a family has functions like the perform. Finally, the last key principle describes states that Trouble is reproduced , but can also be stopped, in families and in generations of families.This key principle indicates that there is a psychosocial and spiritual relation among family reproduction pertaining to alcoholism and other issues as describes in Competent Christian Counseling as generational curses. Christians believe that these issues within families from generation to generation can be transformed through Christ. A example is that of Abraham found in Genesis 20. Abrahams family was express to draw favoritism to certain children, which continued for three generations.When it comes to marriage counseling, Christian counselors believe marriage counseling helps couples to understand Gods pattern for husband-wife relationships, diagnoses unbiblical patterns and their blood line causes, and prescribes Gods solutions for soul change that leads to relational growth. Biblical marriage counseling should result in enhanced relationship closeness with Christ, intimacy with your spouse, and a sense of greater peace. Biblical insights involving to family counseling, the focus is solutions, not simply external solutions.Your counselor will help you to understand Gods design for healthy family living, will assist you to assess unhealthy and unbiblical ways of relating as parents and children, and will equip you to reconcile and grow in your family relationships. Counselor Identity, Functions and Ethics of Marriage and Family Counseling The practice of Marriage and Family counseling rest on the foundation of systems theory, which views psychological problems as arising from within the persons present environment and intergenerational family system. Corey, Corey, Callanan p. 449 2011). The systems theory is actually similar to the views on Christian Counselors as stated earlier Trouble is reproduced, but can also be stopped, in families and in generations of families. Marriage and Family therapists be a specific code of ethics know as The American Association for Marriage and Famil y Therapy (AAMFT). Founded in 1942 as the American Association of Marriage Counselors, the AAMFT has been snarly with the problems, needs and changing patterns of couples and family relationships.The association focuses on increasing understanding, research and rearing in the field of marriage and family therapy, and ensuring the quality training of marriage and family therapists. AAMFT members meet standards for education and training and are held to the ethical standards of the profession. (AAMFT, 2011) AAMFT ethics are broken down in eight core areas. The first area is the state to Clients. Marriage and family therapist have a responsibility to the welfare of twain the family and individuals in the family.therapists are to do reasonable efforts to guarantee their services are used properly and accordingly. Confidentiality is the next core area, which applies to all code of ethics pertaining to the counseling field. Confidentially in Marriage and Family is distinctive because the therapist is dealing with a group of people. However, the AAMFT insist on therapists to respect the confidentiality of each individual client. Although, confidentiality is essential, there are some exceptions. Those exceptions include, mandates by the law pertaining to cases of child and elderly abuse, incest, or abuse to persons with disabilities.A therapist has an privilege from confidentially when it is necessary to protect clients from hurting themselves and others (AAMFT, 2011). When working with a family, all family members must agree concerning the release of any information. Some therapists, in fact, arrange for sessions with individual family members to actively encourage the sharing of secrets to better understand what is occurring in the family. The therapist then may work with the individual client in the hope of modify that person to get word the same information in the family session.Marriage and family therapists are to maintain high standards if professional competence and integrity. Therapists must remain current on any developments and advances relevant to their field of practice. They can do this by continuing education, training, workshops and interacting with other professionals in the marriage and family therapy field. (Corey, Corey amp Callanan p. 452 2011). Therapists also have a responsibility to students and supervisees. They are not to manipulate the trust and dependency of the students and supervisees in which there are working with.Responsibility to the profession is the next core is in the AAMFT code of ethics. This includes reporting people practicing without a license and contributing to community service for advancement of the society. The next core area is financial arrangements. Marriage and family therapists are not to misuse clients financially for services. Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions states that clients are to be truthful in representing facts to clients and to third parties regarding any service s rendered.The last core area in the ethical standards of Marriage and family therapy is advertising. Therapists are able to truthfully represent their competence, education, training and experience in marriage and family therapy. Nevertheless, they should not advertise themselves as specialists with show evidence and supporting this assertion. The therapists primary responsibilities are to protect the rights and to promote the welfare of his or her clients. The dilemma with multiplex clients is that in some situations an intervention that serves one persons ruff interests may be conflicting to another.Indeed, the very reason that families tend to seek therapy is because they have conflicting goals and interests. The family therapist must insure that improvement in the spot of one family member does not Occur at the expense of another family member. Other therapists implement the policy of not keeping secrets from other family members. They clearly caution the sharing of any inf ormation that might lead to a special alliance with one individual and that excludes the remaining uninformed family members.The impact of the therapists honor, unavoidable in any counseling process, can play a particularly role in marriage and family therapies. Issues discussed in family therapy elicit very important personal, familial, and societal take accounts regarding preservation of the family system, extramarital relationships, and sex roles. Dealing with these values is not easy, particularly when the therapist confronts a conflict in values among different family members and is inclined to honour the beliefs and attitudes of one family member over another (Hines amp Hare p. 65 1978). Premarital Counseling Couples now face more demands and have fewer supports than ever before. The typical complex marriage includes managing two careers while rearing children actually requires that couples have very strong, well-established abilities to communicate, resolve issues, maint ain support and set goals. Without this foundation, its easy to musical note overwhelmed by stress and time pressures. Problems can intrude much more easily than most couples realize.Therefore, premarital counseling is recommended for couples looking to eventually get married. research shows that premarital counseling reduces the risk of divorce by up to 30% . Premarital counseling is a type of therapy that helps couples prepare for marriage. Premarital counseling can help ensure that you and your partner have a strong, healthy relationship, giving you a better chance for a stable and satisfying marriage. Premarital counseling can also help you identify weaknesses that could become bigger problems during marriage.There are a variety of formats of counseling through local psychology and counseling centers, including individual counseling, dainty group counseling and interactive seminars where couples participate with a large number of other couples. (Wright p. 65 1992) Characteris tics and Qualifications of Marriage and Family Therapists To be qualified as a marriage and family therapist requires not just that you get the right degree, pass the right tests and meet the licensing requirements, but that you possess qualities that prove you to be both sensitive and firm.Corey, Corey and Callanan in Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions identifies personal characteristics for effective marriage and family therapists as being assertive, confident, accepting, appreciating the influence of diversity to just name a few. Self knowledge is predominantly vital for marriage and family therapists because when working with a family, their reactions and perceptions are influenced by their own regard to family of origin issues.Marriage and Family Therapists must be sensitive to dealing with peoples most personal and graphic secrets, shame, guilt and rage. A Marriage and Family therapist should be embarrassed to hear about these things or make distasteful comments abou t a chosen lifestyle or action, otherwise she risks shutting out the patient. An effective marriage and family therapists must listen to stories that are agonised to hear but should remember that those stories are always more painful for the teller than the listener.An important quality in an marriage and family therapists is recognizing the difference between decide and advising. A good marriage and family therapist will help the patient with insights into sensible decisions that lead to greater personal happiness and responsibility but will not tell the patient what choice to make or ask the patient to adhere to the therapists own likes and dislikes. An marriage and family therapist should distinguish between dysfunctional qualities in a patient and those that are simply non-normative.Marriage and family therapists may hear confessions of illegal activity or hear from the victims of crimes, and legal codes dictate what they have to report. A therapists job is not just to listen but to encourage the patient to take action in his life to get the patient to see their actions in a clear light and make good decisions in turn. Marriage and family therapist can become eligible for state certification, or licensure, upon windup of their internship. First, candidates must register with the Association of Marital and Therapy Regulatory Boards.The Regulatory board will examine the applicators credentials, education and experience to establish competency before the applicant can qualify for testing. State certification costs vary from state to state. Each state has different rules regarding retesting if the candidate does not pass the test on his or her first attempt. Upon completion of the test, scores are validated and mailed to the candidate. A candidate who has passed the state exam is called a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and is free to practice in a private or clinical setting.The educational requirements to become a Marriage and Family Therapist ar e regulated by each state and thus may vary however, most will require a masters degree or higher in Marriage and Family Therapy or a related field from an accredited institution. It is essential for students to gain experience in working with a selection of families from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. A program that offers a all-inclusive course work and clinical supervision provides the ideal learning situation. Corey, Corey amp Callanan p. 457 2011) Ethical Dilemmas is Marriage and Family Counseling Couples counselors and family and marriage therapists are likely to encounter many ethical dilemmas throughout their careers. Because of the nature of couples therapy, issues pertaining to informed consent, confidentiality, multiple relationships, and value systems can have a damaging effect of the counselor-client relationship if they arent handled appropriately and discussed by both parties at the beginning of the counseling relationship.Informed consent refers to t he process of informing clients about the therapeutic process. Issues such as fees and payment schedules, appointment cancellation policy, theoretical framework that the counselor employs in his practice, approaches and techniques the counselor intends to use with clients and the limits of confidentiality should all be discussed. In addition to discussing verbal consultation, clients also should be given an informed consent package detailing all the information discussed in session.Clients should be asked to sign an informed consent document for both the client and counselors records. In couples counseling, informed consent prevents misunderstandings, disagreements and hostility between the counselor and the client. (AAMFT, 2011) One of the biggest ethical dilemmas in any kind of counseling is confidentiality. This is particularly complicated when it comes to couples counseling in which couples receive both individual and couple counseling.It is important for the counselor to determ ine early on in the counseling process whether information divulge in individual counseling sessions will be kept confidential or if both individuals will sign waivers allowing whats discussed in private sessions to be brought up in couples counseling. According to the AAMFT Code of Ethics, counselors must discuss the limits of confidentiality with their clients and make sure clients understand these limits. condition 2. of the AAMFT Code of Ethics states that marriage and family therapists do not disclose client confidences except by written authorization or waiver, or where mandated or permitted by law. Verbal authorization will not be suitable except in emergency situations, unless prohibited by law. When providing couple, family or group treatment, the therapist does not disclose information outside the treatment context without a written authorization from each individual competent to execute a waiver.In the context of couple, family or group treatment, the therapist may not undo any individuals confidences to others in the client unit without the prior written permission of that individual. (AAMFT, 2011) In counseling, multiple relationships refer to a situation when the counselor and client are engaged in a sexual or nonsexual relationship outside the counseling relationship. Multiple relationships are often unavoidable, especially in small towns as a counselor, you may attend the same church as your clients, your children might be on the same soccer team or you may serve on the same board or council.However, multiple relationships should always be avoided when possible. In couples counseling, multiple relationships can further complicate the counseling relationship if the counselor is involved in a multiple relationship with one client but not the other. The client that is not involved in the multiple relationships may feel that the counselor is taking sides or treating her unfairly. (Corey, Corey amp Callanan 2011) At some point in their careers, counselors are likely to encounter couples with a value and belief system that differs significantly from their own.Within the counseling relationship, the counselor has a pip of authority the counselor must not take advantage of this position by trying to impose his values on the client or clients. Counselors must understand that individuals from different backgrounds, cultures, ethnicities and religions than their own may have different value systems. It is not the counselors job to change his clients value system it is only the counselors job to help clients become comfortable with the decisions they make within their personal value systems. Article 1. of the AAMFT Code of ethics states that marriage and family counselors respect the rights of clients to make decisions and help them to understand the consequences of these decisions. (AAMFT, 2011). Personal Reflections In todays world more and more people are experiencing life struggles when it comes to family. These issues can range from problems in a marriage, how to deal with your children issues and understand yourself and how to deal with your family and certain issues. The area of marriage and family counseling/therapy has had an outbreak over the past decade.The counselors are expected to work effectively with families experiencing a variety of issues and problems. In marriage and family therapy/counseling there are so many different types of techniques that are out there but should be used and looked upon not a cure, but a method to help mobilize the family. Choosing this topic wasnt hard for me because of the love I have my family and evaluating what I believe needs to be repaired and what I believe stands strong for us. I believe in saving marriages and families, I think it is really important.Having strong family and a stable marriage plays such a major part in kids lives today, they need a solid foundation in aim to have a healthy life. Watching so many young couples get divorce after less tha n two years of marriage and beholding how the kids suffer really from the break up of the family. I believe that if younger therapist/counselors were out there and start getting involved in the community, church and conducting seminars relating to marriage and families this could be the beginning of change. This is why I chose this topic to research.

curriculum Theory and Practice

class Theory and Practice PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM THEORIZING Curriculum theory is the manner in which the philosophy of certain approaches to advancement and portraiture of curriculum is described. Within the wider field of curriculum studies, it is both the analysis of the curriculum historically and a mien of viewing contemporary gentilityal curriculum and indemnity decision.However, a very useful starting point here is the definition of the word curriculum. According to John Kerrs definition which was adopted by Vic Kelly in his typical give on the topic, curriculum entails planned and guided attainment by the school. It is carried on in either groups or on individuals, within or without the school.There are four manners in which to approach curriculum theory and practice. They are as followsCurriculum is seen as a body of friendship to be transmitted.In this sense I can non equate the curriculum with a syllabus. In essence the syllabus is simply a summarize d assertion of the heads of a dissertation, the total of a discourse, and the subjects of a series of lectures. It is attached to courses directed to examination. This view of the curriculum limits planning to a contemplation of the content or the body of knowledge that whitethorn be transmitted.Curriculum as a product, i.e., an effort to attain definite ends in scholars.However varied human life may appear to be, it consists in the performance of specific activities. Therefore, education should prepare a student for life, i.e., preparing definitely and adequately for such activities. Despite being copious and varied they can be exposed for any social class. This obliges one to go out into the introduction of affairs and find out the specifics of which his/her affairs consist. And as such it would be soft to show the abilities, forms, habits, appreciation and attitudes that people need. These scram to be the objectives of the curriculum, thus making it (curriculum) a progressi on of know-how that learners at all levels must have by way of obtaining those objectives.Curriculum as figure out.Looking at curriculum as a process implies how teachers, students and knowledge interact. That is, curriculum has to be seen in terms of what essentially takes shoes in the classroom set up and what people do to prepare and evaluate. Curriculum as praxis. Whereas the process model is impelled by broader principles and emphasizes on sound judgement and meaning making, it does not formulate unequivocal statements about the interests it serves. The praxis model on the other hand, conveys these to the centre of the course and makes an unequivocal dedication to emancipation. Therefore, action is not merely informed, it is also committed. That is, curriculum is not merely a set of plans to be implemented, but somewhat is composed through a dynamic process in which planning, acting and evaluating are all mutually related and incorporated into the process.Therefore, curricul um should in due course produce students who are able to chaw efficiently with the contemporary world. It should not be presented as finished concept, but should instead include the learners preconception and should amalgamate how the learner views his/her sustain world. In this perspective four instincts are used, to describe how to characterize the behavior of children. They consist of social, constructive, expressive, and artistic. The curriculum should then build a logical sense of the world in which the child lives. As a curriculum designer I have to use livelihoods to connect diminutive account of fundamental activities of life classroom activities. This could be accomplished by combining subject areas and resources. It means I have to make connections between subject matter and the childs life. commandment methods should focus on hands-on problem solving, experimenting, and projects, often having students work in groups. Curriculum should bring the disciplines together to f ocus on resolving problems in an interdisciplinary way. Rather than passing down organized bodies of knowledge to new learners, they (learners) should apply their knowledge to real situations through experimental inquiry. This prepares students for citizenship, daily living, and future careers.I have to acknowledge the fact that humans are social beings and do learn best in real-life activities with each other. Therefore education must be establish on this principle. As a curriculum designer I will have to depend on the paramount scientific theories of learning available. I may borrow from John Deweys model of learning where learners behave as if they were scientists. That is,Be perceptive of the problem.Be able to delineate the problem.Suggest the hypothesis to solve it. confer up the consequences of the hypotheses from ones past experiences.Test the most likely solution.With this view on human nature, it is my genuine concern that students should be provided with real-life experie nces and activities that center on their real life. This is in comparison to a distinctive progressivism slogan which states, Learn by DoingAccording to NCLB figure of 2001, assessments of students is supposed to be criterion-referenced tests where a student is tested on his knowledge of the required content or if he/she can do the required skill as outlined in the states standards. Unlike the norm-referenced tests, where students performance is based on how he/she is ranks compared to other students, the curriculum has to provide a substitute to the test-oriented instruction as stated by the NCLB Act 2001 on funding. This will change the student, at the end of his course of study, to apply the knowledge he acquired to real-life situation in his/her daily life.As contrasted to the traditional curriculum of the 19th century, that is ingrained in conventional preparation for the university and strongly discriminated by socioeconomic level, I strongly propose a type of curriculum whi ch finds its root in the current experiences, is more autonomous in outlook and looks frontward. The quality of this curriculum shouldEmphasize on learning by doing, i.e., hands-on projects, experiential learningIntegrate curriculum that is focused on thematic elementsStrongly emphasize on problem solving and critical thinkingEncourage group work and growth of social skillsUnderstanding and action should be the objective of learning as contrasted to rote knowledge.Accentuate collaborative and cooperative learning projectsEmphasize education for social responsibility and democracyIntegrate service learning projects and community service into the daily curriculum.Select the content of the subject by looking forward to ask over what skills will be desirable in the prospective society. Discourage emphasize on textbooks as only learning resources in party favour of other varied learning resources.Emphasize on life-long learning and social proficiencies. Assessment based on evaluation o f the learners projects and productions.In polish an acceptable curriculum should be that which makes a learner to be creative, self-reliant and make him excel in all aspects of life that suite his desires. It would be unsportsmanlike to have a curriculum which ignores the social aspect of a child because he/she lives in a society that is ever social. The curriculum should also enable the student to apply that which he/she learns in the classroom in real life experience.Referenceshttp//oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/module1.html, (2008) Module One History and Philosophy of EducationStenhouse, L. (1975) An admittance to Curriculum research and Development, capital of the United Kingdom Heinemann.Kliebard, H. M. (1987) The Struggle for the American Curriculum 1893 1958, New York Routledge.Taba, H. (1962) Curriculum Development Theory and Practice, New York Harcourt Brace and World.Blenkin, G. M. et al (1992) Change and the Curriculum, London Paul Chapman

Micro Environment Of HSBC

Micro surroundings Of HSBCThe intact world is now getting so untold competitive and diversified. So the duty nerve doing business globally must have to wangle their strategy in different way that will devote them competitive advantage in the competitive global securities industry. So the aim of this assignment is to show how an organization is making its global strategy and what the competitive advantages atomic outlet 18 they getting from this business strategy. As required, Hongkong and Shanghai wedgeing Corporation (HSBC) is selected and analyzed in this assignment.The HSBC Group has a history, which is unique. Many of its principal companies opened for business over a century ago and they have a history rich in variety and achievement.The inspiration behind the founding of the confide was Thomas Sutherland, a Scot who was thus working as the Hong Kong Superintendent of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. Realizing the considerable demand for local stranding concerning facilities both in Hong Kong and along the China bound and he helped to establish the depone in March 1865. Then, as now, the beachs headquarters were at 1 Queens Road Central in Hong Kong and a secernate was opened one month later in Shanghai.Throughout the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, the edge established a network of agencies and secernes establish mainly in China and South vitamin E Asia but alike with re initiation in the Indian sub-continent, Japan, Europe and North America. In many of its branches the bank was the pioneer of modern banking practices (Company over consume)This assignment includes analysis of the business environment of this organisation by analysis of the micro and macro environments and using different analysis techniques. such as SWOT Analysis, PEST Analysis etc. This also covers the analysis of the industry of the organization, the impact of globalization on the organization, and the foreign market wher e it operates its business.1.1 Micro Environment of HSBC GroupStakeholders Stakeholders of HSBC be always getting the preference. There are different stakeholders of HSBC. Such asShareholdersMedia PublicsGovernmentCitizen-action publicsLocal publicsGeneral publicsInternal publicsSuppliers suppliers form an of the essence(p) link in the companys overall client value delivery system. HSBC maintains a strong consanguinity with all the suppliers of this bank around the world. So they always cooperates the bank in any type of needed.Customers The bank tries to target mainly five types of customer markets. These are as Consumers, business clients, reseller market, Government, and foreign customers. HSBC mainly maintains strong relationship with internationalistic customers for long marches profitability.Competitors Competitors are the people to make the business environment dynamic and lead them to identify different new ideas of doing business. They always make a good competitive e nvironment and maintain a formal and cooperative situation of business.Market intermediaries Marketing intermediaries are composed of all the individuals or companies who help in the promotion, selling, and distribution of the companys products or services. They play an important role to make sure the growth of the organization.1.2 Macro Environment of HSBC GroupExternal humour A key part of the Groups business strategy, announced in 1998, is the creation of a global check off featuring the HSBC name and hexagon symbol. The symbol is now a long-familiar sight around the world. The Group has embarked on the next human body making the HSBC score universally synonymous with its core values of integrity, trust and excellent customer service.Economic Through the process of listening to individuals unavoidably and then acting in partnership to deliver the right solutions, HSBC is committed to help the clients make the nigh of their financial assets. This states the most favorable economic situation.Political and legal environment HSBC operate on a global basis, but also work on a local level to ensure the cross-border differences are identified and any related benefits exploited. HSBC teams of specialists ensure that whether you need solutions across the world, regionally, or locally, and they have the skills, expertise, and resources to deliver them. They alter as many functions as possible, even as ensuring retains control. So they have to cope up with the political and legal environment of the whole world.Cultural environment HSBC claims that they are the people to talk to if anyone wants the following Global cash flow co-ordinationEnhanced risk prudenceImproved security and audit controlsMinimized cost and reduced operating expensesMaximized liquidity, returns and interest benefitsThis cultivation makes the organization popular to the customer and the customer can be satisfied by the service of the bank.Resources (capital, people and native) The Hexa gon logo of HSBC derives from HSBCs traditionally flag, a white rectangle divided diagonally. The design of the flag was based on the cross of ST. Andrew, The Patron Saint of Scotland. HSBC brand corporate identity represents what HSBC wants its brand to mean to its customer. It is derived from the concourse. Without these resources it has also a large amount of capital resources and a large assembly of expert and trained employees.Technology HSBCs basic drives are high Productivity, Team Orientation, and Creative Organization, Customer Orientation. The essence of HSBC brand is integrity, trust, and excellent customer service. It gives confidence to customers, value to investors, comfort to colleagues.HSBC is a prudent, cost conscious, ethically grounded, conservative, trustpricey international builder of long-term customer relationships.1.3 SWOT Analysis of HSBCSWOT analysis is a process of situational analysis. Evaluating a firms strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and thr eats through a SWOT analysis is an booming process that provides valuable insights relating to critical issues affecting an organization.SWOT analysisThe internal and external situations can provide valuable information which can come in handy at times. The SWOT analysis categorizes the internal organizational factors as strengths and weaknesses and the external situational aspects as opportunities or threats. The strengths can be used for building a competitive advantage, whereas weakness may hinder the process.The purpose of SWOT analysis is to identify crucial factors for realizing the goals. The internal factors of an organization can be considered as strengths or weaknesses depending upon their impact on the organization. These may include all 4Ps, personnel, manufacturing capabilities, finance, etc, whereas external factors are technological careens, macroeconomic factors, socio-cultural changes and legislation, as well as changes occurring in the marketplace.SWOT analyses o f HSBC are as followStrengthsHSBCs strengths are its resources that lie inCost advantages from proprietary know how is very favorable.It has a great value of Patents and trademarkHSBC has Influential brand namesIt also has access to natural resourcesAccessible distribution networkWeaknessThe weakness can be lack of certain strengths that include drop of patent protectionDeprived of access to main distribution channelsWeak brand nameHigh cost structureInaccessible natural resourcesOpportunitiesThe assessment of external environment may bring forth certain new opportunities for HSBC, which are as followsTechnologies innovationsElimination of international trade barriersAn untapped market needThreatsUnfavorable changes in external environment may pose threat to the organization. Some of them are as followsConsumers shift to different brand arriver of substitutesStrict regulationsGrowing trade barriers1.4 PEST Analysis of HSBC1. Political FactorsThis exercise dissects the political, gov ernmental, and legal aspects of a particular business. Both local and global environments are examine because federal, state, local, and foreign governments are major regulators, deregulators, subsidizers, employers.2. Economic FactorsEconomic analysis, a comprehensive study of national, regional, and global economic performance and trends, represents a highly important phase of strategy development for planned, start-up, and growing businesses3. Social FactorsThe social component of strategic analysis relates to assessing the social, cultural, demographic, and environmental profiles of addressable markets.4. Technological FactorsTechnology is a business enabler that has rotatory impact on the actual conduct of business. It contributes to achieving desired business productivity and efficiency. Technology is one of the key drivers of modern business firm. As an international organization HSBC try to adopt modern technology always. So this will give preference to the firm.2.1 Histor y of Bank IndustryThe history of banking begins with the first prototype banks of merchants of the past world, which made grain loans to farmers and traders who carried goods between cities. This began around 2000 BC in Assyria and Babylonia. Later, in ancient Greece and during the Roman Empire, lenders based in temples made loans and added two important innovations they judge deposits and changed money. Archaeology from this period in ancient China and India also shows evidence of money lending activity(Peter Garber, 2001).Banking, in the modern sense of the word, can be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy, to the rich cities in the north such as Florence, Venice and Genoa. Perhaps the most famous Italian bank was the Medici bank, established by Giovanni Medici in 1397.The development of banking diffuse from northern Italy through Europe and a number of important innovations took place in Amsterdam during the Dutch Republic in the sixteenth century and in London in th e 17th century. The financial crisis of 2007-2008 caused many bank tumbleures, including some(prenominal) of the worlds largest banks, and provoked much debate about bank regulation.In the Late-2000s financial crisis caused significant stress on banks around the world. The failure of a large number of major banks resulted in government bail-outs. The collapse and fire exchange of Bear Stearns to JP Morgan Chase in March 2008 and the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September that same year led to a credit crunch and global banking crises (Jean-Charles Rochet, 2008).In response governments around the world bailed-out, nationalized or arranged fire sales for a large number of major banks. These events spawned the term too big to fail and resulted in a lot of discussion about the moral hazard of these actions.2.2 The Extent of Globalization and Current Internal IssuesAccording to Modelski, globalization is a historic process which is characterized by a growing havement between people s on all corners of the globe (Modelski, 2003, pp.55-59). How invariably, as Heywood points out, it can refer to various things such as processes, policies, strategies, an occurrence or an ideology. He suggests, its elusive meaning lays in the fact that it is not so much and it as a team (2007, p.143). The reason for the elusiveness of the term is that, as Heywood pints out, it involves many different facets which many different academics proclaim as its defining features.This provides the best summary of what globalization is and what it involves however, different perspectives on globalization view these processes in different ways and provide competing explanations of their significance. The first of these to be outlined is the hyper globalist perspective (Held, D. and McGrew, A. (2003).Each perspective differs however on how the globalization process impacts on politics. The hyper globalists argue that globalization is leading the world into a period which will see the end of th e nation state and the emergence of a global ecesis system. The transformation lists on the other hand reject this idea, and instead claim that the nation state is still relevant in a globalised world, but needs to adapt to the challenges that the increasing flows of capital and culture impose.On the issue of cultural flows there is again divergence amongst the perspectives. For hyper globalists, the path towards a homogenous world culture is inevitable as globalization develops.For transformation lists, the process of globalization is creating a world community of diverse cultures whilst for the skeptics, cultural interaction and integration is nothing new. On the question on the extent the world is actually globalised, there is also agreement and disagreement (Peter Garber, 2001).For both the hyper globalists and the transformation lists, the contemporary world is more globalised than ever before, with economics, politics and culture never more connected than in this age of mass media, internet and rapid communication. Globalization, they argue, has touched every corner of the globe, and will live on that trajectory into the future. For the skeptics however, the world is not actually globalised but is instead regionalized. To back up this claim, they point to the massive inequalities between countries in the western world, and those in the developing world.2.3 The International Markets In Which It OperatesHSBCs International NetworkThe HSBC Groups international network comprises of some 7,000 offices in 80 countries. A brief list is presented below shape 2 HSBCs International NetworksCountry ClassificationsTo ensure that the key resources (management time, capital, human resources and information technology) are correctly allocated and that the exchange of best practice is accelerated between entities, the group has classified the countries where it operates into 3 categories the large, the major and the international.These classifications are a function o f sustainable, attributable earnings, the number of retail clients, balance sheet and size of operation. A brief presentation of this classification is shown belowFigure 3 Map of HSBCs Country ClassificationsLarge linked Kingdom, USA and Hong Kong SAR/Mainland China.DefinitionMore than one million personal clientssustainable earnings greater than US$ 200 millionBusiness FocusConcentrated group resources on wealth managementBe a masking 10 player in any market or region servedDevelop cross selling, loyalty programs and value added products.Major Argentina, Canada, Malaysia, India, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, capital of Singapore and United Arab Emirates.DefinitionSustainable earnings between US$ 100 200 millionBusiness FocusUniversal banks (personal, corporate, and investment banking with domestic business)Platforms for international group businessNext generation of large companiesStable self funding entitiesOnshore HQInternational The rest of the worldDefinition lettuce below US$ 100 millionBusiness FocusPlatforms for international group businessLimited domestic presenceNursery for developing managementTomorrows major businessesSupported by offshore HQBanks under the HSBC GroupMany of the members have changed their name into HSBC, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited to introduce the whole group under one brand name.Midland BankHSBC Holdings acquired Midland Bank one of the principal UK clearing banks in 1992. Headquartered in London, the bank has a personal customer base of five and a half million, business customers of over half a million, and a network of almost 1,700 branches in the United Kingdom. Midland has offices in 28 countries and territories, principally in continental Europe, with a number of offices in Latin America.Hang Seng BankHang Seng Bank, in which Hongkong Bank has a 62.1% equity interest, maintains a network of 146 branches in the Hong Kong SAR, where it is the second largest locally incorporated bank after Hongkong Ban k. Hang Seng Bank also has a branch in Singapore and two branches and two representative offices in China.Marine Midland BankMarine Midland Bank headquartered in Buffalo, New York, has 380 banking locations statewide. The bank serves over two million personal customers and 120,000 commercial and institutional customers in New York State and, in selected businesses, throughout the United States.Hongkong Bank of CanadaHongkong Bank of Canada is the largest foreign-owned bank in Canada and the countrys seventh-largest bank. With headquarters in Vancouver, it has 116 branches across Canada and two branches in the western United States.Banco HSBC BamerindusBanco HSBC Bamerindus was established in Brazil in 1997. The bank has network of some 1,900 branches and sub-branches, the second largest in Brazil.Hongkong Bank MalaysiaHongkong Bank Malaysia is the largest foreign-owned bank in Malaysia and the countrys fifth-largest bank, with 36 branches.The British Bank of the Middle East (British Bank)The British Bank of the Middle East (British Bank) is the largest and most widely represented international bank in the Middle East, with 31 branches throughout the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, Jordan, Lebanon and the Palestinian Autonomous Area, including an offshore banking unit in Bahrain. The bank also has branches in Mumbai and Trivandrum, India, and Baku, Azerbaijan, as well as private banking operations in London and Geneva.HSBC Banco RobertsHSBC Banco Roberts was acquired in 1997. Based in Buenos Aires, it is one of Argentinas largest privately owned banks, with 60 branches throughout the country.Hongkong Bank of AustraliaHongkong Bank of Australia has 16 branches across Australia. It is the flagship of the HSBC Groups businesses there, operating under the name HSBC Australia, and providing a complete range of financial services.The Saudi British BankThe Saudi British Bank, a 40%-owned member of the HSBC Group, has 63 branches throughout Saudi Arabia an d a branch in London.Figure 1 Banks under the HSBC GroupOther associated Group banks are British Arab Commercial Bank, The Cyprus Popular Bank and Egyptian British Bank.Customer Segments of HSBC GroupPersonal monetary ServicesHSBC provides a full range of personal financial services, including current and savings account, owes, insurance, credit cards, loans, pensions and investments. In 2000, residential mortgages across the Group excluding home base grew by 15%, while non-mortgage personal lending change magnitude by over 20%. Credit cards in issue grew by 20% worldwide. gross revenue of repayment protection insurance and deposit growth reached record levels. Current account balances in the UK exceeded 10 billion for the first time at closing 2000. The number of customers registered for e-banking services via the internet and telephone more than trebled in 2000. The internet generated sales of over 2.3 million products and 87 million transactions.Consumer FinanceThrough Household International, Inc., HSBC is now a major provider of consumer finance and a top 10 issuer of credit cards in the USA. Household provides consumer loans, credit cards, vehicle finance, mortgage financing and credit insurance to middle America. During 2004, Household achieved good organic loan growth, which it supplemented with portfolio acquisitions. The strongest growth was in the real estate portfolio and the mortgage services business, and also in branch-based consumer lending. Synergy benefits with HSBC included store cards and point-of-sale financing.Commercial BankingThe provision of services to small and medium-sized enterprises around the world is core strength of HSBC. During 2000, HSBC increased its leading position in the UK business start-up market to 21% and attracted record levels of business current and deposit account balances. Business internet banking was offered in 20 countries and territories, and the number of registered users more than doubled to 600,0 00. Money transmission revenues, trade finance fees, wealth, savings and insurance products all showing growth during 2000. corporeal, Investment Banking and MarketsThis customer group comprises four main business lines Corporate and Institutional Banking, Global Investment Banking, Global Markets and Global Transaction Banking which focus on long-term relationships with major international corporations and institutions. Record results were achieved in 2000. The Global Markets business excelled, particularly in international debt issuance, risk management and structured products, and foreign exchange. Global Investment Banking was entrusted with a number of landmark deals in capital restructuring, corporate reorganization and strategic advice.Private BankingThis customer group provides world-class financial services to high net worth individuals and their families. In 2000, Private Banking posted improved financial results in all regions, led by Asia, which had a record year. New business initiatives and a widely distributed improvement in investment markets led to increased client activity across a range of products. An increase in discretionary mandates, together with a strong demand for client-tailored structured products, contributed to higher fee revenues and dealing income. Funds under management grew by 18%, reflecting both net inflows of client assets and up market conditions.2.4 The Impact of Globalization on HSBCCorporate banking is the most profitable segment of HSBC, since it has globally recognized brand name and it has competitive advantage in international trade and finance. But the nature of competition in financial service is ever-changing dramatically. Most competitive advantages are not creating long-term benefits and at best are temporarily improving yesterdays business. From the study it seemed to me that personal financial products of HSBC are mainly basic since it is less focused. Using the brand name and widening the personal financi al product range, HSBC bank has the potential to become the leader in consumer banking market of the country. So, the concerned department should formulate strategy and policies to compete bust with the challenging opportunities of the future.3.1 Moral and ethical questionsAs an international organization HSBC sometimes faces some problems in different geographical location. This problem is the moral and ethical question. The bank operates in different conservative countries. The sociological limitations of these countries make some ethical dilemma for the bank. The bank always tries to involve with different corporate social affairs. So their different strategies sometimes have a little conflict with the existing ethical framework of those countries.3.2 ConflictsWhen the bank started the journey in Africa in had to face a lot of problems in operation. Because the people of Africa have different social values and culture. So the bank had to gradually cope up with the existing cultu re. The climate change of Africa also made some problems. The general business policy had to change due to the conflict of the existing sociological forces. Though the bank is still changing their policy but still now there have some ethical and moral conflict. The anti-globalism policy of some countries makes the conflict with the globalized policy of the bank.3.3 LegislationCorporate social responsibility is the one of the key marketing policy of HSBC. The banks main focus is to involve with more international corporate affairs by factor of CSR. This planning has the impact on global marketing. But the corporate social responsibility issue is not always smooth in all in the countries. Different countries and region have some legislation and bindings in regulations relating to corporate social responsibility. In Asia the business policy sometimes faces some legislative obstacles and the bank have to face some problems in operations.ConclusionDuring the Second World War the bank wa s forced to close many branches and its head office was temporarily moved to London. However, after the war the bank contend a key role in the reconstruction of the Hong Kong economy and began to further diversify the geographical spread of the bank.The post-war political and economic changes in the world forced the bank to analyze its strategy for continued growth in the 1950s. The bank diversified both its business and its geographical spread through acquisitions and alliances. This strategy culminated in 1992 with one of the largest bank acquisitions in history when HSBC Holdings acquired the UKs Midland Bank plc (now called HSBC Bank plc). However, it remained committed to its historical markets and played an important part in the reconstruction of Hong Kong where its branch network continued to expand.HSBC understands that there are many challenges facing todays youth as they prepare to engage in the increasingly changing and complex aspects of the real world. Recognizing the importance of educating, inspiring and equipping youth of all backgrounds to succeed in a global economy, we began a partnership with Junior Achievement USA (Junior Achievement) in 1942. We expanded this partnership to launch a global initiative in 2006 and began working with JA Worldwide.

Romance in Percy Bysshe Shelleys Plays :: Percy Bysshe Shelley Romantic Romance Essays

To think of something romantic in all(prenominal)y is to think of it naively, in a positivelight, away from the view of the majority. Percy Bysshe Shelley has manyromantic estimations in his plays. better at Eton College, he went on to theUniversity of Oxford only to be expelled after one year after publishing aninappropriate collection of poems. He then worked on writing full-time, andmoved to Italy shortly before his death in a boating accident off the shoreof Leghorn. He wrote many pieces, and his writing contains many themes.Shelley experienced first-hand the French Revolution. This allowed him toponder many different situations, and determine deep philosophical views -views that were so radically different they were considered naive at best,downright treat at worst. He contemplated socialism, having for afather-in-law William Godwin, who was the prominent socialist in the UnitedKingdom in Shelleys time. Shelley liked Napolean, and was suspicious of boththe Bourbon monarchy and the Directory. Most of all, Shelley felt that allpeople had the right to work for themselves he did not support the notionthat once one had been born into a class, one must stay in that class for therest of ones life. Shelley felt that all bodies of the universe weregoverned by the same principle, completely contradicting the given theories,those of Aristotle. Thus, Shelley gained a romantic and rather naive view ofthe universe. In fact, Carlos Baker describes his poems as The Fabric of aVision. (Baker 1) In Percy Bysshe Shelleys poems, the author uses thosenaive, romantic opinions on the themes of romance, politics, and science. Romance is well defined as a theme choice for Shelley. Shelley uses thistheme rather romantically one could say that Shelleys theme in his amorouspoetry is unrestricted passion love, Shelley feels, can overcome allobstacles, distance, apprehension, even death. One example of this is in Shelleyspoem which is titled by the first line I fear thy kisses, g entle maidenI fear thy kisses gentle maiden/ potassium needst not fear mine/My spirit is toodeeply laiden/Ever to burden thine/I fear thy mien, thy tones, thymotion/Thou needst not fear mine/Innocent is the hearts devotion/Withwhich I worship thine In this poem Shelley is observing that he feelsinferior to his maiden he fears her kisses because he is intimidated byher perfection to the point where he feels as though he is stifling her, thatshe is compromising her own value by falling in love with him this is whythe maiden should not fear Shelley. He emphasizes his own faults in line 3,

The Themes of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

The Themes of Jane Eyre In the beginning of Jane Eyre, Jane struggles against Bessie, the nurse at Gateshead Hall, and says, I resisted all the way a new thing for me(Chapter 2). This time foreshadows what will be an important floor of the rest of the book, that of female independence or rebelliousness. Jane is hither resisting her unfair punishwork forcet, but throughout the novel she expresses her opinions on the enounce of women. Tied to this theme is another of class and the resistance of the terms of ones class. Spiritual and supernatural themes can also be traced throughout the novel. Soon after Jane is colonized at Lowood substructure she finds the enjoyment of expanding her own mind and talents. She forgets the hardships of living at the school and focuses on the work of her own hands. She is not ordain to give this up when she is engaged to Rochester. She resists seemly dependent on him and his money. She does not want to be like his sporting ladyes, with their fancy gowns and jewels, but even after she and Rochester are married, she wants to remain as Adeles governess. She is not willing to give up her independence to Rochester, and tries to seek her own fortune by writing to her uncle. In the end, when she does have her own money, she states, I am my own mistress (Chapter 37). Jane not only shows the reader her beliefs on female independence through her actions, but also through her thoughts. Jane desires to see much of the universe of discourse and have more interaction with its people. While she appreciates her simple life at Thornfield, she regrets that she does not have the means to travel. She relates her feelings to all women, not just those of her class, look Women are suppositional to be very calm generally but women feel just as men feel they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do they suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer and it is minute in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags (Chapter 12). It is also important here to talk most Bertha, for she is a female character who is often seen resisting.The Themes of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Jane Eyre EssaysThe Themes of Jane Eyre In the beginning of Jane Eyre, Jane struggles against Bessie, the nurse at Gateshead Hall, and says, I resisted all the way a new thing for me(Chapter 2). This sentence foreshadows what will be an important theme of the rest of the book, that of female independence or rebelliousness. Jane is here resisting her unfair punishment, but throughout the novel she expresses her opinions on the state of women. Tied to this theme is another of class and the resistance of the terms of ones class. Spiritual and supernatural themes can also be traced throughout the novel. Soon after Jane is settled at L owood Institution she finds the enjoyment of expanding her own mind and talents. She forgets the hardships of living at the school and focuses on the work of her own hands. She is not willing to give this up when she is engaged to Rochester. She resists becoming dependent on him and his money. She does not want to be like his mistresses, with their fancy gowns and jewels, but even after she and Rochester are married, she wants to remain as Adeles governess. She is not willing to give up her independence to Rochester, and tries to seek her own fortune by writing to her uncle. In the end, when she does have her own money, she states, I am my own mistress (Chapter 37). Jane not only shows the reader her beliefs on female independence through her actions, but also through her thoughts. Jane desires to see more of the world and have more interaction with its people. While she appreciates her simple life at Thornfield, she regrets that she does not have the means to travel. She relates he r feelings to all women, not just those of her class, saying Women are supposed to be very calm generally but women feel just as men feel they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts as much as their brothers do they suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer and it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags (Chapter 12). It is also important here to talk about Bertha, for she is a female character who is often seen resisting.

Who I would take to dinner :: essays research papers

Given the opportunity to invite five great deal to a dinner party, I thought slightly what I should serve, who would be my server, and which five people I will invite. To start off this infamous dinner party I chose to have it at the Santa Barbara Hotel in California. I picked out the largest banquet room, and had it stocked with art supplies, music equipment, and various other items. I chose to serve anything and e trulything, sushi, watermelon, pasta, meat, liquor, etc. I chose to invite five very different people, Andy Warhol, Ross Pero, Victoria Taylor, Cheech and Chong, Ja Rule, and of course myself. One of my all time favorite artists is Andy Warhol. I wanted him to be at my party to ask what inspired his integral idea of pop art and if he would do a portrait of myself and the dinner party. Warhol seems like a very emotional and mixed up soul and I would just like to meet him one time to experience Warhol.The media gives Ross Pero a bad image. An image that gives the publ ic visualizations of his appearance. I have always wanted to see Pero in person. I want to see if his ears ar really that big. I dont want to put down his intelligence so he will also inform us of world news and anything else his mind holds.There is a series of movies that these two star in, and their names are Cheech and Chong. They will liven up the atmosphere and try to get everyone to smoke marijuana. I made them something special for them to eat while they were at my party, pot throw soup and hash brownies. I have wondered what it would be like to be Cheech and Chong to see how much of there brains were really left and marijuana they could smoke.Victoria Taylor is my divinity Mother, she is my living day role model. She owns a high fashion clothing store in Portland, Oregon. I wanted her to accompany because she really knows how to get people going and how to have great parties. She respects different people which makes her a prime choice to come because she would not be we irded out by my guests.My die guest is music artist Ja Rule. He is a rap/ hip hop artist, but his voice and appearance is really nice. I wanted him to come to my party to not only be a guest but to perform, that is what the music equipment is for.

Aristotles Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

The Humanities represent mans tint with man and with the human world.In that concern there is no more important conundrum than the age-old one which was first discussed systematically here, in Greece, more than two thousand years ago.The problem I refer to, which the ancient Greek philosophers thought deeply about, is this one What work ups a human life true -- what makes it worth living and what must we do, non just merely to live, but to live well?In the whole tradition of Western literature and learning, one book more than any some other defines this problem for us and helps us to think about it. That book of course is Aristotles Ethics, written in the fourth century before Christ. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Plato had founded the academy of Athens, which was the great university of ancient Greece. Aristotle studied and worked there for about twenty years. He was called by Plato "the intellect of the school."Un analogous Socrates, Aristotle was interested in the study of nature. He was remote Socrates in another respect. When he, too, was accused of un-Athenian activities, he decided to flee, saying "I will not let the Athenians off arrest twice against philosophy."The subject treated in this book is called "ethics" because ethos is the Greek word for character, and the problems with which this book films be the problems of character and the conduct of life. The Ethics is divided into ten parts. I am going to deal only with the first part, in which Aristotle discusses happiness. But before we begin, let me remind you of a famous statement about happiness that occurs in the opening paragraph of the American Declaration of Independence."We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deri ving their just powers from the consent of the governed..."Have you ever thought what it means to say that it is every mans lifelike right -- not to be apt -- but to engage in the pursuit of happiness? What do we mean when we say that one of the main objectives of good government is to look out that no man is interfered with -- more than that, that every man must be helped by the state in his effort to lead ... ... almost completed, and say that it has been good. This may seem strange to you at first, but when you think about it for a moment you will see that it really is not.One example will make this clear to you. You go to a football game. At the end of the first half, you meet a friend of yours in the aisle. He says to you, "Good game, isnt it? If it has been well-played so far, your natural response would be to say, "Yes." But if you stop to think for a moment, you will realize that all you are in a position to say, at the end of the half, is that it is bec oming a good game. Only if it is well played all through the second half, can you say, when it is all over, that it was a good game.Well, life is like that. Not until it is really over can you say, "It was a good life" -- that is, if it has been well lived. Toward the middle, or before, all you can say is that it is becoming a good life. Here is Aristotles way of making this point "Certainly the future is obscure to us, while happiness, we claim, is an end and something in every way finalIf so, we shall call happy those among living men in whom these conditions are, and are to be fulfilled."